chapter 8

What are the two components of declarative memory?

semantic and episodic

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

semantic

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

implicit

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

Remembering ________ is a good example of procedural memory.

how to use the phone

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

rehersal

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

self- reference effect

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

suggestibility

________ encoding is the encoding of sounds.

acoustic

Aleah remembers that her dog is named Rocky and her cat is named Skipper, but she can't remember the name of her first grade teacher's dog and cat. This is an example of ________.

Atkinson-Shiffrin model

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?

Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.

What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?

The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information.

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

flashbulb memory

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias.

hindsight

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

Chuck was in a car accident. He wishes he could put it behind him, but every night he has dreams about it, and every time he sees a car he remembers how he felt that day. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

intrusion

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________.

memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

recognition

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

relearning

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.

retrograde; anterograde

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states? A)think of something you might do in each state if you were on a vacation in that state sing the names of the 50 states to the tune of "Happy Birthday" B) stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study C) memorize five states at a time—group the information into a more manageable size

stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

Which of the following is a good example of visual encoding? A) thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind b) remembering the colors of the rainbow by thinking about a bag of Skittles C) dreaming about your mother and deciding to call her D) being able to remember the words to a song even when you can't remember the tune

thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind