Chapter 8 Intercultural Communication

Identify the statement that best illustrates explanatory uncertainty.

Beck is unable to understand the reason why Mike acted differently.

Which among the following statements best illustrates short-term refugees?

Bonnie, who is forced to move from the country of his birth because of civil unrest, temporarily relocates to a foreign country.

______ is the long-term process of adjusting to and finally feeling comfortable in a new environment.

Cultural Adaptation

True or false: Cultural adaptation seldom depends on the host environment.

False

True or false: Segregation by law is a form of assimilation in cultural adaptation.

False

Jennifer, a migrant, embraces the host culture without understanding the way of life within the local community. This scenario illustrates the ______.

Fight approach

Migrants who take a ______ try to speak the new language, don't mind if they make mistakes, jump on a bus even when they aren't sure it's the right one, and often make cultural gaffes.

Fight approach

Marley, who migrated from the country of his birth, maintains his original culture while interacting daily with other groups. Which strategy of social adaptation does this scenario illustrate?

Integration

______ occurs when migrants have an interest in maintaining their original culture and language and in having daily interactions with other groups.

Integration

How does integration differ from assimilation as a strategy of cultural adaptation?

Integration involves maintaining greater interest in one's own cultural identity.

The ______ approach includes the U-curve model, W-curve model, and phenomenological model.

Interpretive

Identify the statement that best illustrates predictive uncertainty.

Jack is worried about what Jim might say or do.

Identify the statement that best illustrates the fight approach to cultural adaptation.

Joel, a migrant, embraces the host culture without understanding the way of life in the local community.

Identify the statement that best illustrates the integration strategy of cultural adaptation.

Johnny, who migrated from the country of his birth, maintains his original culture while often interacting with other groups.

Identify the statement that best illustrates the segregation strategy of cultural adaptation.

Larry, who migrated from the country of his birth, was forced by the law of the host country to live apart from the local community.

Amanda, who is forced to leave the country of her birth because of social oppression, permanently relocates to a foreign country. This scenario illustrates ______.

Long term refugee

People who are forced to relocate permanently because of war, famine, and oppression are called _____.

Long term refugees

Which among the following groups is an involuntary long-term migrant?

Long-term Refugee

Which among the following statements best illustrates long-term refugees?

Martha, who is forced out of the country of her birth because of a famine, relocates permanently to a foreign country.

Identify the statement that best illustrates transnationalism.

Maya moves across the borders of the country in which she resides.

A ______ is an individual who leaves the primary cultural contexts in which he or she was raised and moves to a new cultural context for an extended period.

Migrant

Match the situations that pertain to migrant-host relationships (in the left column) with their consequences (in the right column).

Migrants value the host culture more than their own. >>>> The migrants assimilate. The migrants assimilate. Migrants value their heritage culture more than the host. >>>> The migrants separate. The migrants separate

Identify the statement that best illustrates the separation strategy of cultural adaptation.

Mindy, who has migrated from the country of her birth, intends to retain her culture while interacting minimally with other groups.

Identify the statement that best illustrates the assimilation strategy of cultural adaptation.

Morgan, who has migrated to a foreign country, gives up his cultural beliefs to embrace the mainstream cultural identity.

Which among the following statements best illustrates immigrants?

Hugh, who leaves the country of his birth, relocates with his family to a foreign land.

People who voluntarily leave one country to settle in another in search of better employment prospects are called ______.

Immigrants

Which among the following statements is the reason why acquisition of skills is more important than psychological well-being during cultural adaptation?

Adaptation is the process of learning new ways of living and behaving.

Which among the following statements best illustrates the flight approach of cultural adaptation?

Amanda, a migrant, embraces the new culture, but only after understanding how things work within the community.

According to communication theorist William Gudykunst, what is the primary characteristic of relationships in intercultural adaptation?

Ambiguity

Jody, who has just migrated from the country of her birth to a foreign country, intends to adapt to the host culture by giving up her culture and embracing the mainstream cultural identity. Which strategy of cultural adaptation does this scenario illustrate?

Assimilation

Which type of cultural adaptation creates a melting pot?

Assimilation

______ is a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity.

Assimilation

______ is the state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context.

Psychological health

The policy or practice of compelling groups to live apart from each other is called ______.

Segregation

______ is a type of separation.

Segregation

Donna, who has migrated from the country of her birth to a foreign country, intends to retain her culture while interacting minimally with other groups. What strategy of cultural adaptation does this scenario illustrate?

Seperation

People who are forced for a short time to move from their region or country are called ______.

Short Term Refugee

Sara is forced to move from the country of her birth because of social injustice and hence she temporarily relocates to a foreign country. This scenario best illustrates ______.

Short Term Refugee

The ______ approach focuses on the individual in the adaptation process, the individual characteristics and background of the migrant, and the individual outcomes of adaptation.

Social Science

People who voluntarily leave one country and work in another for a specific period of time are called ______.

Sojourners

Which among the following statements best illustrates intercultural identity?

Steven, an Indian American, lives in Canada.

Which among the following statements best illustrates sojourners?

Terrence voluntarily migrates from the country of his birth to another to pursue a graduate degree.

True or false: In the context of the critical approach to cultural adaptation, Young Yun Kim (2001) maintains that in a country like Japan, people may be less welcoming toward outsiders than in less homogeneous settings, as in many contexts in the United States.

True

True or false: The motives for migration can be voluntary and involuntary.

True

Which integrative approach of cultural adaptation suggests that migrants go through fairly predictable phases in adapting to a new cultural situation?

U Curve Model

Which theory of cultural adaptation suggests that sojourners experience another U-curve upon returning home?

W curve theory

Rank the phases that migrants go through in adapting to a new cultural situation according to the U-curve model.

anticipation shock adaptation

The ______ theory of cultural adaptation predicts that the most effective communicators have a solid self-concept and self-esteem, have flexible attitudes and behaviors, and are complex and flexible in their categorization of others.

anxiety and uncertainty mgmt

According to Kalvero Oberg, how can individuals recover from culture shock?

by learning the host language

Joan, a migrant, is able to fit new information into a pattern of cultural understanding. In the context of the phenomenological approach to cultural adaptation, in which of the following phases of the cultural adaptation process is Joan?

coming to understand new information

The ______ approach to cultural adaptation reminds people that cultural adaptation depends on the context.

critical

______ is a relatively short-term feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar cues in the environment.

culture shock

A sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to describe why people behave as they do is called ______.

explanatory uncertainty

Ajay is unable to explain why Marwin acted differently. This scenario illustrates ______.

explanatory uncertainty

In the context of cultural adaptations, migrants who take a(n) ______ approach follow a trial-and-error method to coping with a new situation.

fight

Migrants who prefer a ______ when faced with new situations tend to hang back, get the lay of the land, and see how things work before taking the plunge and joining.

flight approach

Migrants who take a ______ may hesitate to speak a language until they feel they can get it right.

flight approach

Terry, a migrant, tries to understand the local culture and its practices before involving herself actively in the local community. This scenario illustrates the ______.

flight approach

______ is the ability to function in daily life in many different contexts.

functional fitness

Families who voluntarily leave one country to settle in another are called ______.

immigrants

Paul voluntarily leaves the country of his birth to relocate with his family in a foreign land. This scenario illustrates ______.

immigrants

Which among the following groups is a voluntary long-term migrant?

immigrants

In the context of the anxiety and uncertainty management model of cultural adaptation, identify the most conducive type of environment for intercultural communication.

informal environments with support from and equal representation of different groups

When migrants value both the host and their heritage culture, they ______.

integrate

Clarence, an African American, lives in the Republic of Latvia. This scenario illustrates ______.

intercultural identity

The ______ approach emphasizes the complex and continuous nature of cultural adaptation.

interpretive

The ______ approach focuses on in-depth descriptions of the adaptation process, often employing a phenomenological approach.

interpretive

The ______ approach is used to explore the essential structures of lived experiences through a careful and systematic analysis of interview data and participant observation.

interpretive

The experience of being between two or more cultural positions is called ______.

limality

The experience of living on the border was described by anthropologist Victor Turner as ______.

liminality

Which among the following groups is an involuntary long-term migrant?

long-term refugees

A sense of in-betweenness that develops as a result of frequent or multiple cultural border crossings is called

multicultural identity

The ______ approach to cultural adaptation is based on research that seeks in-depth explanations of human experiences.

phenomenological

Flynn is always unable to predict what his wife might say or do. This scenario illustrates ______.

predictive uncertainty

What is the most common definition of adaptation?

psychological health

Match the dialectical factors for noneconomic migration (in the left column) with their examples (in the right column).

push factors >>>> Choice, escaping persecution escaping persecution pull factors >>>> Choice, family unification family unification

Match the dialectical factors for economic migration (in the left column) with their examples (in the right column).

push factors >>>> Choice, lack of jobs in one's home country lack of jobs in one's home country pull factors >>>> Choice, attractive job opportunities in a host country attractive job opportunities in a host country

Janet, who migrated from the country of her birth, was forced by the government of her host country to live away from the local community. Which strategy of cultural adaptation does this scenario illustrate?

segregation

______ is a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.

seperation

Theories of reentry shock are a contribution of the ______ approach to cultural adaptation.

social science

Match the approaches to cultural adaptation (in the left column) with their contributions to cultural adaptation (in the right column).

social science >>>> role of individual migrant characteristics and background, theories of culture shock, and outcomes of adaptations role of individual migrant characteristics and background, theories of culture shock, and outcomes of adaptations interpretive >>>> in-depth analysis of the adaptation experience in-depth analysis of the adaptation experience critical >>>> importance of history, politics, and societal structures in migrant adaptation and identity importance of history, politics, and societal structures in migrant adaptation and identity

The ties with other people that play a significant part in mediating psychological health over time are called ______.

social support

When feelings of helplessness and inadequacy arise during the cultural adaptation, ______ from friends can play an important role in helping the newcomer reduce stress.

social support

Sonya chooses to migrate from her homeland to pursue higher education in a foreign country. She intends to return to her country after completing the course. This scenario is an example of ______.

sojourner

______ include international students who go abroad to study for a specific period.

sojourner

Which among the following groups is a voluntary short-term migrant?

sojourners

Simon, a migrant, realizes that his assumptions about a culture are wrong and need to be altered. In the context of the phenomenological approach to cultural adaptation, in which of the following phases of the cultural adaptation process is Simon?

taking things for granted

In the context of the phenomenological approach to cultural adaptation, arrange the phases of the cultural adaptation process that migrants experience as identified by Chen (2000) in the correct order of occurrence. (Place the first phase at the top.)

taking things for granted making sense of new patterns coming to understand new information

Which theory of cultural adaptation states that migrants experience the anticipation of returning home, culture shock in finding that it's not exactly as expected, and the gradual adaptation?

the W-curve theory

Which approach of studying cultural adaptation includes the anxiety and uncertainty management model, the transition model, and the integrative model?

the social science approach

Jade, a migrant, often moves across the borders of the nations in which she resides. This scenario illustrates ______.

transnationalism

The process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information is called

uncertainty reduction