Chapter 8 (Mindtap)

Which of the following is a psychosocial factor that causes sexual dysfunction?

Sexual trauma

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by which of the following?

A repetitive pattern of binge eating followed by purging

Which of the following factors is characteristic of Anorexia nervosa?

An intense fear of gaining weight

Kami has an unusually low body weight and is very afraid of gaining weight. Even with her low body weight, she considers herself to be obese. Kami may be at risk of developing which of the following?

Anorexia nervosa

Which of the following indicates that whenever the level of stimulation is not at an optimal level, the organism seeks ways of readjusting it in order to achieve homeostasis?

Arousal theory

Elmo has never skied before, so when a group of friends asked him to join them on a ski trip, he quickly offered an excuse not to go. In reality, he had no other plans, but he didn't want to be embarrassed by his inability to ski. What motivated Elmo to refuse to join his friends on the ski trip?

Avoidance motivation

Palani has not eaten all day and is now very hungry, so she made a sandwich and ate it. Which of the following best represents the drive that arose from an unmet need?

Being hungry

Aviva recently broke up with her significant other. Since the breakup, she spends most of her time at home, eating cartons of ice cream and bags of potato chips in one sitting, and watching hours and hours of television. She knows her eating is out of control, and she has gained weight, which makes her feel worse. To try and make herself feel better, she is eating even more junk food. Which of the following is Aviva suffering from?

Binge eating

Which of the following terms characterizes a pattern of cycles of binge eating and purging?

Bulimia nervosa

How does the body monitor when we've had enough to eat?

By assessing levels of leptin

Which theory or model says that emotional and physiological reactions to triggering stimuli occur almost simultaneously?

Cannon-Bard theory

Which term most directly refers to customs and social norms used to regulate the expression of emotion in a given culture?

Display rules

Which of the following is the belief that behavior is motivated by a state of bodily tension that arise from biological needs that demand satisfaction?

Drive theory

According to which theory does one route lead from the thalamus to the amygdala to produce the initial fear response while a second pathway leads to the cortex, which further processes the fear stimulus and produces the conscious awareness of fear?

Dual-pathway model

According to the James-Lange theory, why do some emotions feel different than others?

Each emotion has a distinct bodily change associated with it.

What term describes the ability to recognize and manage emotions?

Emotional intelligence

Which of the following terms applies to feelings states that include arousal, cognition, and expressed behaviors?

Emotions

What is the ability to perceive emotions in others called?

Empathy

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does vasocongestion of the genital tissue occur, and heart rate, muscle tension, and blood pressure begin to increase?

Excitement

What are the phases of the sexual response cycle, as identified by Masters and Johnson?

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

When Kaia feels down, she makes a point to try and smile at small things. She believes this will help her feel happier and eliminate her negative thoughts. Which concept does this represent?

Facial-feedback hypothesis

Which of the following describes the sense of maleness or femaleness?

Gender identity

Which of the following indicates our sense of maleness or femaleness?

Gender identity

Which of these describes society's expectation for how individuals should behave in relation to their gender?

Gender roles

Tariq has many activities that engage him and that he can be fully absorbed in, such as going to the gym, or spending time with friends. These particular activities make him happy. What do these elements provide that contribute to Tariq's happiness?

Gratification

Which of these terms refers to the tendency of the body to maintain a steady internal state?

Homeostasis

What is one finding of twins studies in relation to sexual orientation?

Identical twins have a higher chance of both being homosexual than other siblings.

Aviva offered to play a game with her son after homework was done, if they had time. What did Aviva use to motivate her son to do his work promptly?

Incentive

Which part of the brain is involved in initiating, or "turning on," the desire to eat?

Lateral hypothalamus

Which part of the brain is responsible for stimulating appetite and eating behavior?

Lateral hypothalamus

When Marah gets upset, she does deep breathing exercises to calm herself. This allows her to handle her emotions and bounce back quickly. Which aspect of emotional intelligence does Marah use?

Managing emotions

Which of the following is a biological factor that causes sexual dysfunction?

Neurological problems

Which of the following is a limitation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs model?

People's needs may not be ordered in as fixed a manner as Maslow's hierarchy suggests.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, people are motivated to meet which need before any other type?

Physiological needs

Which subfield of psychology studies what it means to be happy?

Positive psychology

Zereth has always been a little shy and she does not know anyone in her dorm. In order to meet people on campus, she found a club to join so that she can meet new people. Which kind of need does this social club fill for Zereth?

Psychosocial

Which of the following are the patterns of change that occur when the body responds to sexual stimulation?

Sexual response cycle

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, after a person's basic physiological needs are met, what do they seek to achieve?

Safety

After enjoying a big meal with her family, Petra immediately feels very full. Why does Petra's body experience this feeling even though nutrients have not yet made their way to waiting cells?

Satiety

Julius wants to go to college so that he can get a high-paying job when he graduates. He feels this will allow him to travel, buy a house, and give him the freedom to do what he wants. Which of the following is motivating Julius?

Secondary drives

In the context of need for achievement, intrinsic motivation reflects a desire for which of the following?

Self-satisfaction

No matter how hard he tries, every time Manoj loses a few pounds they seem to come right back. Which of the following best explains why?

Set point theory

Which of the followingstates that when we gain or lose weight, the brain adjusts the basal metabolic rate to keep our weight around a predetermined level?

Set point theory

Which theorists supported instinct theory?

Sigmund Freud and William James

Which of the following is a function of ventromedial hypothalamus?

Terminating hunger

Which statement best describes set point theory?

The brain regulates body weight around a genetically predetermined level.

Professor Smith teaches psychology at a university. In one of his classes, he described emotions and its different components. While explaining the emotion of fear, he conducted a small poll wherein he asked the students to judge if a scenario was threatening or not. Which of the following components of emotion was tested in the poll?

The cognitive component

Which theory of emotion holds that when we experience an emotion, we look for cues in the environment to explain it?

Two-factor model

Which of these refers to pooling of blood in bodily tissues?

Vasocongestion

Genetics and irregularities in serotonin are examples of what type of factor implicated in eating disorders?

biological factors

Emotions are expressed more openly in Mexican culture than in Chinese and other East Asian cultures. This difference is an example of which term?

display rules

Which theory claims we are motivated by biological needs that demand satisfaction, such as the need for food and water?

drive theory

Which theory claims we are motivated to meet our basic physiological needs before moving to higher-order needs?

hierarchy of needs

Franco has been trying to eat a healthy diet, and while challenging, he feels less affected by habits and cravings, and that he now maintains a steady internal balance, and equilibrium. This steady internal balance is referred to as

homeostasis.

Which part of the body detects decreases in blood sugar levels and depletion of fat from fat cells?

hypothalamus

Which theory claims our attraction to particular goals or objects motivates much of our behavior?

incentive theory

Shonda has joined the track team because she loves running. She finds it relaxing and exhilarating all at the same time and really doesn't think much about whether she'll earn a top spot in a competition. What type of motivation does Shonda display in this example?

intrinsic motivation

This weekend, Ali plans to repaint his garage. While it makes no difference to anyone but him, he is excited about how nice the garage will look when he is done. Ali is driven by

intrinsic motivation.

What is the role of the amygdala in terms of emotional responses?

it evaluates threat potential and triggers fear responses to threatening objects or stimuli

Ahmed has been concentrating hard on completing his research paper, and has lost all track of time. Suddenly he realizes he is hungry, and wraps of his work so he can go to the cafeteria and eat. Cues for hunger are generated because of _____.

low blood sugar levels

The factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior is/are

motivation.

According to Martin Seligman, what are three kinds of human happiness?

pleasure of doing things, gratification, and meaning

What is a likely cause of performance anxiety relating to sexual dysfunctions?

psychosocial factors, such as fear of negative evaluations

Maslow also proposed other needs, including the need to connect with something beyond the self, and help others realize their own potential. This is referred to as

self-transcendence.

Which of the following refers to our sense of maleness or femaleness?

sexual orientation.

Which term refers to the swelling of tissues with blood that accounts for penile erection and vaginal lubrication?

vasocongestion