Chapter 8, Photosynthesis, Calvin Cycle

RuBP

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is an organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis. It is a colourless anion, a double phosphate ester of the ketopentose called ribulose

Calvin Cycle

The Calvin cycle (also known as the Calvin-Benson cycle) is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight.

C4 Plants

These are cells that are located toward the surface of a plant leaf and are where photosynthesis typically occurs. However, in C4 plants, these cells are exposed to oxygen and have no RuBisCO to do photosynthesis. 3. The CO2 joins with another carbon compound to make a C4 chemical called oxaloacetic acid.

Stomata

any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.

Effect that light intensity and CO2 has on the rate of Photosynthesis

As light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis increases to a certain point when the plant reaches the tipping point the plant's rate of photosynthesis decreases the same goes for CO2 consumption

Effect that temperature has on the rate of Photosynthesis

As the temperature rises the rate photosynthesis to an extent, because their is a point when the temperature gets to high and the rate of photosynthesis plateaus and decreases.

PGA

3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG), or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP), is a biochemically significant 3-carbon molecule that is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. This chemical is often termed PGA when referring to the Calvin cycle.

C3 Plants

C3 plants go through the Calvin cycle, taking in carbon dioxide through the leaves' minuscule pores, called stomata. An enzyme called RuBisCO helps the carbon dioxide combine with sugar. Eventually, the sugar and carbon dioxide form a molecule with three carbon atoms (C3) in the chloroplast.

Carbon Fixation

Carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation is the conversion process of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic compounds by living organisms. The most prominent example is photosynthesis, although chemosynthesis is another form of carbon fixation that can take place in the absence of sunlight.

CAM Plants

Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions. In a plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to collect carbon dioxide (CO2).

G3P

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or G3P is the product of the Calvin cycle. It is a 3-carbon sugar that is the starting point for the synthesis of other carbohydrates. Some of this G3P is used to regenerate the RuBP to continue the cycle, but some is available for molecular synthesis and is used to make fructose diphosphate.