Chapter 8: Politcal Geography

A consequent or ethnographic boundary A. coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language. B. is based on a recognizable physiographic feature. C. typically follows a line of latitude or longitude. D. is drawn across an area before it is settled.

A. coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language

The Philippines is an example of a(an) _______________ state. A. fragmented B. elongated C. compact D. perforated

A. fragmented

A nation-state is a country A. whose territory is politically subdivided among two or more distinct ethnic groups. B. whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a nation. C. that in foreign affairs is under the control of another power. D. that has a federal form of representative government.

B. whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a nation

Countries where women hold 25% or more of the seats in the legislature include all of the following except A. Cuba. B. South Africa. C. Sweden. D. the United States.

D. the United States

Asymmetric federalism allows A. Regional monetary policy B. Regional foreign policy C. Autonomous regions D. Diffused defense systems

A. Regional monetary policy

The Arab World is described as A. a single nation comprising numerous states. B. a single state comprising numerous nations. C. numerous colonies and protectorates of the United States, Britain, and France. D. unorganized territories dominated by the United States, Britain, and France

A. a single nation comprising numerous states

Which one of the following is an extreme manifestation of centrifugal forces within a state? A. civil war B. famine C. extreme nationalism D. federalism

A. civil war

All of the following usually help promote unity and national stability EXCEPT A. cultural and language diversity. B. schools. C. a state church. D. armed forces.

A. cultural and language diversity

Redistricting is an attempt to A. draw boundaries so that each voting district has an equal number of voters. B. adjust boundaries of racially segregated school systems. C. end the overrepresentation of metropolitan districts in state legislatures. D. establish electoral districts that have roughly equal areas.

A. draw boundaries so that each voting district has an equal number of voters

All of the following statements about the European Union are true EXCEPT that it A. has not grown in size since its original creation. B. had several forerunners. C. has established a free-trade zone over much of Western Europe. D. contains countries whose economies complement one another.

A. has not grown in size since its original creation

Antarctica is not a state because A. it lacks an established government and permanent population. B. seven countries claim sovereignty over portions of it. C. of the Antarctic Protocol of 1861. D. it is not a nation

A. it lacks an established government and permanent population

The abandoned castles dotting the former frontier zone between Wales and England are examples of a/an ______________ boundary. A. relic B. superimposed C. antecedent D. natural

A. relic

The Kurds are an example of a A. stateless nation. B. nation-state. C. part-nation state. D. binational state.

A. stateless nation

The Palestinians are an example of a A. stateless nation. B. state. C. nation-state. D. part-nation-state.

A. stateless nation

Environmental justice is A. the fair treatment of all people so that no group bears a disproportionate burden of environmental pollution. B. the practice in which polluting facilities are located where there is the least political resistance. C. the concept that the needs of all living organisms and ecosystems be equally respected. D. the doctrine that no country should be allowed to export wastes to another.

A. the fair treatment of all people so that no group bears a disproportionate burden of environmental pollution

Since World War II, coastal states have extended their seaward territorial claims A. to control the exploitation of offshore fishing and mineral resources. B. because of world tensions and fear of naval attack. C. because of the desire to establish reliable shipping lanes between landmasses. D. to restrict offshore sources of marine pollution and to prohibit the flow of illegal drugs.

A. to control the exploitation of offshore fishing and mineral resources

The organization of countries that has taken the most extensive measures toward European unity is the A. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. B. European Union. C. European Free Trade Association. D. European Coal and Steel Community

B. European Union

Countries in which the capital is also the primary city include A. the United States and Canada. B. Great Britain and France. C. Pakistan and Turkey. D. Australia and Brazil

B. Great Britain and France

Which one of the following associations is correct? A. South Africa-elongated B. Philippines-fragmented C. Thailand-compact D. Norway-perforated

B. Philippines-fragmented

Capital cities have been moved for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to A. break away from a colonial heritage. B. achieve the presumed advantages of a less centralized location. C. demonstrate the government's commitment to develop all parts of the country. D. signal the state's interest in extending its influence in a disputed region.

B. achieve the presumed advantage of a less centralized location

The western portion of the boundary between the United States and Canada is classified as A. a water divide. B. an artificial boundary. C. a natural boundary. D. a disputed boundary.

B. an artificial boundary

The decentralization of political control is known as A. complementarity. B. devolution. C. geopolitics. D. reapportionment

B. devolution

Chile is an example of a(an) _______________ state. A. prorupt B. elongated C. compact D. perforated

B. elongated

The dissolution of European empires in this century is noteworthy for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the A. speed with which empires dissolved after World War II. B. fact that the European powers relinquished their control peacefully. C. fact that former colonies have become independent states. D. fact that former colonies covered large parts of the globe.

B. fact that the European powers relinquished their control peacefully

As the term is used by geographers, in contrast to a state, a nation A. is a political entity independent of any form of outside control over its domestic or foreign policy. B. is a cultural concept implying a group of people occupying a particular territory and unified by shared beliefs. C. is a territorial unit established by international agreement or military force. D. implies only a segment of the earth's surface containing a permanent population speaking the same language.

B. is a cultural concept implying a group of people occupying a particular territory and unified by shared beliefs

An identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals is called A. regionalism. B. nationalism. C. iconography. D. ethnocentrism.

B. nationalism

Thailand is an example of a(n) ___________ state. A. compact B. prorupt C. elongated D. fragmented

B. prorupt

All of the following statements about the United Nations are true EXCEPT that it A. sponsors a variety of programs and agencies. B. requires its members to surrender a certain degree of sovereignty. C. is stronger than its predecessor, the League of Nations. D. has no authority over the military forces of individual countries.

B. requires its members to surrender a certain degree of sovereighty

The Law of the Sea Convention contains provisions for all of the following EXCEPT A. a 12-nautical mile limit for territorial waters over which states can exercise sovereignty. B. freedom of the high seas. C. 100-nautical mile exclusive economic zones. D. recognition of the deep seabed and its resources as the "common heritage of mankind."

C. 100-nautical mule exclusive economic zones

The Euro is the single currency of A. Canada B. Great Britain C. Portugal D. Turkey

C. Portugal

The world's largest state in terms of territorial extent is ______. A. the United States B. China C. Russia D. Canada

C. Russia

The original nucleus of a state that contains the capital city and area of densest population is called the A. domain. B. primary area. C. core area. D. tributary area

C. core area

International economic alliances A. tend to be formed among widely separated countries with different but complementary resources. B. almost invariably result from previously arranged military or defense alliances. C. formed in one world region frequently stimulate the creation of countering alliances. D. represent a significant surrender of national autonomy to "superstates" remote from local control.

C. formed in one world region frequently stimulate the creation of countering alliances

India's claims to Jammu and Kashmir based on the presence of Hindus, and Pakistan's claim to the same territory based on the presence of Muslims, are both examples of A. a functional conflict. B. autonomous nationalism. C. irredentism. D. a resource dispute.

C. irredentism

Before 1988, the Soviet Union was an example of a A. single nation and single state. B. part nation state. C. multinational state. D. stateless nation

C. multinational state

Regional alliances of countries such as the Organization of American States involve A. one country dominating a group of countries. B. the use of military force in order to establish control. C. mutual cooperation between a group of countries. D. attempts at world domination by a group of countries

C. mutual cooperation between a group of countries

The number of independent states worldwide is A. 50. B. 167. C. nearly 200. D. about 450.

C. nearly 200

The "Arab Nation" is an example of a A. stateless nation. B. nation-state. C. part-nation state. D. binational state.

C. part-nation state

Which is the best example of a subsequent superimposed boundary? A. the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland B. the western portion of the United States-Canada border C. the borders of former British colonies in Africa D. the border between India and Pakistan

C. the borders of former British colonies in Africa

All of the following statements about the development of the nation-state are true EXCEPT that A. it is based on the concept that people owe allegiance to the state's leader. B. the idea of the modern state was developed in the 18th century. C. the state has become the typical system of government for nearly the entire world. D. the state claims sovereignty within its borders.

C. the state has become the typical system of government for nearly the entire world.

The maximum extent of a coastal state's exclusive economic zone according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is A. 3 nautical miles. B. 12 nautical miles. C. 24 nautical miles. D. 200 nautical miles.

D. 200 nautical miles

Which of the following is NOT a region in Western Europe seeking autonomy? A. Scotland B. Basque Country C. Corsica D. England

D. England

The most recent newly independent state is A. Kenya B. Egypt C. Zimbabwe D. South Sudan

D. South Sudan

The two preconditions common to all separatist movements are A. an independent resource base and significant political power. B. a distinctive common language and a state church. C. a militant rejection of outside domination and economic inequality. D. a unifying cultural heritage and a national homeland territory.

D. a unifying cultural heritage and a national homeland territory

The western portion of the boundary between the United States and Canada is classified as A. a superimposed boundary. B. an ethnographic boundary. C. a subsequent boundary. D. an antecedent boundary

D. an antecedent boundary

An example of gerrymandering would be establishing A. separate-but-equal attendance districts. B. taxing bodies and districts based upon differential storm drainage and sewage problems. C. voting districts drawn to give one political party an unfair legislative advantage. D. central city and suburban municipal boundaries.

D. central city and suburban municipal boundaries

Countries such as Poland and Uruguay, which are almost round in shape, are described as A. attenuated. B. enclaved. C. buffered. D. compact.

D. compact

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of general acceptance of the Law of the Sea Convention? A. Islands have become more significant. B. Many countries have a host of new neighbors. C. The EEZ lines result in overlapping claims. D. Companies have been licensed to exploit seabed resources.

D. companies have been licensed to exploit seabed resources

Switzerland is an example of a A. stateless nation. B. nation-state. C. part-nation state. D. multinational state.

D. multinational states

The Rio Grande, which forms part of the boundary between Mexico and the United States, is an example of A. an artificial boundary. B. a water divide. C. a relic boundary. D. a natural boundary.

D. natural boundary

South Africa is an example of a(an) _______________ state. A. fragmented B. elongated C. compact D. perforated

D. perforated

The establishment of political boundaries in Africa by European imperial powers during the 19th century A. was the result of military conflict between the colonizing countries. B. was the result of adjudication by the International Court of Justice. C. reflected pre-colonial patterns of tribal territorial control. D. resulted in distinctive cultural groups being divided among different states.

D. resulted in distinctive cultural groups being divided among different states

A country whose population is not bound by a shared sense of nationalism but is split by several local primary allegiances suffers from A. irredentism. B. gerrymandering. C. proruption. D. subnationalism.

D. subnationalism

According to the Law of the Sea Convention, within its exclusive economic zone, a state A. must provide for energy resource exploitation by "geographically disadvantaged" countries. B. has fishing rights but only limited access to nonliving resources. C. may claim exclusive sovereignty. D. will have exclusive rights to fish and to extract minerals.

D. will have exclusive rights to fish and to extract minerals

Because Antarctica has a recognized territorial extent, it must be considered a state. T/F

False

Great Britain has not experienced the phenomenon of regions seeking autonomy. T/F

False

T. E. Lawrence's proposed map of the Middle East was used as a blueprint for establishing the political boundaries in use today T/F

False

The 40 ministates, defined by less than one million population, are not allowed voting rights within the United Nations General Assembly. T/F

False

The legislatures of most Western democracies are significantly unbalanced in favor of women. T/F

False

The most threatening centrifugal force in Canadian politics has been the large size of the country. T/F

False

The number of independent states worldwide is shrinking with globalization. T/F

False

Groups seeking regional autonomy or independence frequently have peripheral locations within the state T/F

True

Political integration within states is fostered by the development of internal transportation systems T/F

True

The location of electoral district boundaries can influence the outcome of elections. T/F

True

The period of most rapid increase in the establishment of sovereign states came after World War II. T/F

True