Chapter 8 Quiz

The United Nations defines "hunger" as a diet of __________ or fewer calories per day.

1,800

Where are the vast majority of emerging economies found?

Asia

In the United States, the price of agricultural products is often managed by destroying crops that have been overproduced. What does such information suggest about global hunger problems?

Hunger problems are more a result of unequal distribution of food than any overall food shortages.

Which of the following is true about the relationship between the technology gap and global inequality?

In a global system, the technology gap is both a result of, and a further cause, of disparities in wealth between nations.

Dependency theories are built on ideas formulated by which theorist?

Karl Marx

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the general movement of countries across the four classes established by the World Bank to measure global inequality?

Overall movement of countries across the board has been in an upward direction.

W. W. Rostow proposed a sequence of economic growth that countries must go through in order to develop economically. Put Rostow's sequence in the correct order from earliest to latest. a) traditional stage b) drive to technological maturity c) high mass consumption d) takeoff to economic growth

a) first stage b) fourth stage c) second stage d) third stage

The phrase "emerging economies" is used in the text. Which answer explains why this term might be applied to both countries that are classified as middle-income countries and to those classified as high-income countries? The term

describes countries that, over the past two or three decades, have developed a strong industrial base.

Global inequality leads us to a comparison of rich and poor countries partly on the basis of the per person gross national income (GNI). Consider the classification of high-, middle-, and low-income countries and note what factors are thought of as advantageous. Two of the most important factors are

early industrialization and better education.

The problem of trade imbalances, sometimes called the balance of trade, has been a constant challenge. One response was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Enacted in 1994, this agreement changed the economic relationship of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The adoption of agreements such as NAFTA would be consistent with what theoretical approach to global theories of inequality?

market-oriented

In 2011, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., reported revenues that were nearly the same as the country of Norway (both totaling just over 400 billion dollars). This helps to illustrate what critique of world-systems theory?

overemphasis on the role of nation states

The Grameen Bank pioneered the idea of microfinance and microlending in the early 1980s. Many microlending operations today use cell phones as a method for both requesting and issuing a loan. Cell-phone use is prolific, with India, Brazil, Nigeria, and Pakistan among the top ten highest-percentage users of cell phones by country in the world. Countries where cell phones are used to manage microloans would be considered

technology adopters.

Food production in the world doubled between 1965 and 1999, and yet malnutrition and starvation persist. One reason that this continues to be the case is that

the food production itself is not evenly distributed worldwide.

If you have a smartphone, it has parts and subassemblies that come from all over the world, including Mexico, Israel, Belgium, Hungary, Singapore, South Korea, and, China. The demand for these devices fuels the need for the parts and subassemblies. This describes

the global commodity chain.

In this chapter, the infographic on global inequality includes information about fertility rates and mortality rates. The fertility rate in a low-income country tends to be more than twice that in a high-income country, and the mortality rate in a low-income country tends to be twenty times higher than that in a high-income country. Given the higher fertility (birth) rate in a low-income country, one major factor that might explain the dramatically higher mortality rate would be that

the lack of adequate medical and health resources in a low-income country is far greater than in high-income countries.

What is dependent development?

the theory that poor countries can develop economically but only in ways shaped by their reliance on wealthier countries