Chapter 8 - Supporting Your IdeasAssignment

Changing the speed and tone of your depending on the type of example you are giving can affect how listeners respond to your speech.

voice

In statistics, the ______ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

mode

Using quotes accurately involves which of the following?

Making sure you do not skew the meaning of paraphrased statements Making sure you do not quote out of context Making sure you do not misquote anyone

If you are giving a speech with many abstract ideas that are hard to explain, which of the following would be the best supporting material to use? Multiple choice question.

Examples

Speakers have a(n) ______ responsibility to use testimonies accurately and effectively.

ethical

Because numbers can be interpreted in many ways, what should a speaker avoid when including numbers in a speech?

Biased sources

Which of the following questions should be on a checklist about using examples in a speech?

Do I use examples to personalize my ideas? Do I use examples to explain my ideas?

Which of the following terms is used to describe quotations or paraphrases from an authority in a given field?

Expert testimony

Phaedra is giving a speech about chronic illnesses among children. At one point she mentions that more than half of American children are living with a diagnosed chronic illness. Because this is a startling statistic, what should Phaedra have done during her speech?

Given the source of the statistic

Speeches without examples generally come off as which of the following?

Impersonal Vague

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

Richly textured Specific Vivid

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

Richly textured Vivid Specific

Polly is giving a speech about the world economy. She offers interesting statistics about the gross domestic product of several countries, all of which are in the billions of dollars. How could Polly have improved her speech?

She could have translated the large numbers into terms listeners can relate to.

What are the key points to keep in mind when using testimony in a speech?

Use unbiased sources Quote accurately Paraphrase accurately Use qualified sources

Some statistics are better understood when the audience can actually see them, such as in a graph. What are these types of support materials called?

Visual aids

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

Vivid Richly textured Specific

"About 1.4 million shelter dogs are adopted each year" is an example of

a statistic.

In a speech about childhood obesity, Terence told the story of the real-life case of a young girl who spent her time watching television and eating junk food. He went into detail about how the young girl ended up in this situation. This type of supporting material is defined as Multiple choice question.

an extended example.

Darrell Huff, author of How to Lie with Statistics, attempted to question the long-held belief that numbers

do not lie.

Certain types of examples can personalize your ideas by adding ______ interest to them.

human

When choosing statistics to include in a speech, use

only the most important ones.

s the term for using another person's ideas or words without giving credit to that person.

Plagiarism

What is the best way to present a series of statistics during a speech?

Simple graph

To quote or paraphrase someone correctly, it is essential that you

do not violate the meaning of the statements being paraphrased. do not quote out of context. do not misquote.

In her speech on how to perform the Heimlich Maneuver, Julie began by saying, "Suppose you are having dinner with a friend when suddenly your friend can't seem to catch her breath. When your friend begins to turn blue, you realize she is choking." This is a type of ______ example. Multiple choice question.

hypothetical

Question Mode Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Ivan is giving a speech about global warming. He explains that an iceberg measuring about 2,200 square miles has recently gone adrift. He mentions that the iceberg is the size of Delaware and holds twice as much water used in the United States each year. Which of the following did Ivan do correctly in this example? Multiple select question. He talked down to the audience so that they would understand him.

He explained the statistics in a way that would be meaningful to the audience. He provided a visual for large statistics.

When using testimony, it is best to make certain that the source

is qualified on the subject at hand. is unbiased.

Tansie was preparing a speech about the value of final exams for high school seniors. To gather some statistics, she asked 10 of her girlfriends in the junior class for their opinion. Six were against final exams, and four supported them. Why are Tansie's statistics not usable?

She only spoke with girls, which is not representative of the student body. She only spoke with juniors, which is not representative of the student body. She only asked 10 people, which is not a large enough sample.

When giving an extended example, you should imagine that you are a(n)

storyteller.

Statistics are similar to ______ in that they are often cited in passing to clarify or strengthen a speaker's point.

brief examples

A speaker should be wary of testimony from self-interested, or ______, sources.

biased

Which of the following questions may be on a list about effectively using statistics in a speech?

Are my numbers from reliable sources? Do I relate the statistics to the audience?

True or false: Examples in a speech help explain how many people are affected by the issue being discussed.

False

Ivan is giving a speech about global warming. He explains that an iceberg measuring about 2,200 square miles has recently gone adrift. He mentions that the iceberg is the size of Delaware and holds twice as much water used in the United States each year. Which of the following did Ivan do correctly in this example?

He explained the statistics in a way that would be meaningful to the audience. He provided a visual for large statistics.

Daniel is presenting his speech to his classmates. He uses examples, testimony, and statistics to support his ideas. He does not explain his sources during the speech, but he does show his bibliography on a PowerPoint slide at the end of the speech. What common error has Daniel made in his speech?

He failed to cite his sources orally.

Harry is giving a speech in class on endangered species. He has conducted a significant amount of research and includes some of the data he found in his speech. How else could Harry lend credibility to the information he is reporting?

Include quotations from experts on endangered species

What does it mean to make an example representative?

It does not deal with rare or exceptional cases. It is a typical example that proves a general point.

Which of the following are benefits of using peer testimony in a speech?

It provides authenticity. It has an emotional impact.

Suppose you want to use an example in your speech to describe what it is like to be a child advocate. Which of the following suggestions would make the example more effective?

Make it vivid and richly textured.

What is one way to lend credibility to a speech?

Mentioning the sources of statistics

Darnell feels confident that his speech on the benefits of plastic shopping bags will be persuasive because of the testimony he will provide. This testimony comes from two expert witnesses: one who is the president of a successful plastics manufacturing company and one who is a research scientist conducting studies funded by the plastics industry. Should Darnell feel confident that his speech will be convincing?

No, because his testimony is likely to be biased by sources whose work depends on the plastics industry.

Pedro give the following example in his speech about unemployment: One older guy lost his job and was unemployed for the rest of his life. What could Pedro have done to make more of an impact on his audience?

Pedro could have used a more vivid, detailed example.

If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony?

Peer testimony

Match each product to a qualified source for testimony. Instructions

Professional skier-Winter jacket Movie Star-Aging lotion Celebrity Chef-Dinnerware Professional photographer -Cameras

During his speech on gun violence, John is presenting statistics on gun violence in major metropolitan areas. What could John do next to make sure his audience understands the impact of these facts and figures?

Provide an example about a person affected by gun violence that represents a typical situation

In discussing the elections for governor in his state, Jeremy explained that a runoff had been scheduled because, according to the election commission, Rivera had won 45.42% of the vote, Li had won 30.23% of the vote, and Johnson had won 23.87% of the vote, with the remainder of the vote undecided. Which of the following is a tip in using statistics that Jeremy failed to follow?

Round off numbers.

Jenna used the following statistics in her speech about infectious diseases: 2,700 cases of Hepatitis A, 16 million parasitic diseases, 34,000 cases of Lyme disease. What did Jenna do before she presented these numbers to her audience?

Rounded them off

When using a hypothetical example in a speech, it is wise to include which of the following to support the example?

Statistics Testimony

When using statistics in a speech, a speaker should ensure which of the following?

That the statistics are representative of what they claim to measure

In a birthday toast to her husband, Sandra said, "Physical fitness expert Bonnie Prudden once said, 'You can't turn back the clock. But you can wind it up again.' So here's to many more years of winding!" Which of the following are reasons why Sandra used a direct quotation?

The quotation is brief and conveys what Sandra wants to say better than she can. The direct quotation is witty and compelling.

Alana wanted to speak about climate conditions that might favor tornado formation in the United States. For testimony she used a document by researchers Schaefer and Marzban on the NOAA website, and she said, "Schaefer and Tatom (1998) looked at the mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the strip 5 deg. N to 5 deg. S and 180 deg. W to 150 deg. W and wrote, 'A Kruskal-Wallis H test was then used to see if any difference in different tornado measures exists between El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. Also the entire contiguous U.S. and three sub-areas were considered. All six of these combinations failed to have significance at the 99 percent level. One could not state with confidence that El Niño/La Niña had any effect on tornado or strong tornado activity.'" Why should she have paraphrased instead of using a direct quotation?

The quotation is longer than two or three sentences. The wording of the quotation is cumbersome and contains technical terms.

Clive says in his speech, "According to Suzanne Smofield, 93 percent of chemo patients who ingested some form of medical marijuana found relief from nausea." What should have been included in his oral citation?

The source of the information (book, magazine, newspaper, etc.) The date the information was published

Although you do not need to recite all of the information in your Works Cited list about your source, which of the following should you typically include in your oral citations?

The type of document, the author, the date published, and the author's qualifications

Which of the following statements about using concrete examples in a speech are true?

They have a strong impact in listeners' beliefs and actions. They can make ideas more personal.

What is one of the best ways for a speaker to explain a technical process or term to an audience?

Use an example

Patty is preparing a speech on tourism in island countries in the Caribbean. She suspects there might be a relationship between visitor totals to particular island countries and outbreaks of disease. Keeping in mind the importance of obtaining statistics from a reliable source, from which of the following should Patty first seek the data on disease rates for specific Caribbean island countries?

World Health Organization

An expressive delivery is especially important when using ______ examples in a speech.

extended

Illustrations, or narratives, are a type of supporting material referred to as

extended examples.

In addition to quoting or paraphrasing text accurately from supporting material, it is important both for ethical reasons and for credibility to

identify your sources aloud in a speech.

In the group of numbers 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 12, 27, the ______ is 10, and the ______ is 12.

median; mode

The mean, the median, and the are basic statistical measures that determine characteristics of a given group of numbers.

mode

Among the tips for using statistics are to

name the source of statistics. use numbers sparingly. round off numbers.

When an example gives a human face or perspective to an abstract idea, it is said to ______ the idea.

personalize

When giving a speech about homelessness, Trina describes Jules, the youngest child of a family of four, all of whom have been living on the streets for six months. She talks about how Jules has never had a bedtime story read to him or a warm breakfast to wake up to. Trina is using this example to ______ the ideas in her speech.

personalize support

A speaker can give his or her ideas greater impact by ______ the opinions of people who have special experience or knowledge about the topic being discussed.

quoting paraphrasing

A vivid example can be very effective in reinforcing an idea in your speech, but for such a purpose you should be especially certain that it is a(n) ______ example and not an exceptional case.

representative

Brief examples are also called

specific instances.

You are giving a speech about school violence, and you briefly mention Columbine, Virginia Tech, and the Amish school shootings in a sentence. You are using

specific instances.

You have decided to take up running. You have a friend who has been running and coaching a long time. She tells you to go to a specialty store and look for lightweight, flexible running shoes rather than buying cheap shoes online, so you do. You were influenced by her

testimony.

When using costs or other monetary measures from different years as a statistic in a speech, it is important to consider the of the dollar in terms of inflation.

value

What is the number 421,113,603,533 when rounded?

421 billion

13 of 32Progress information Due dateEstimated time Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. Research has shown that the impact of examples is (increased/decreased) when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical.

Blank 1: increased

Examples used in speeches are used for which of the following purposes?

Clarify an idea Reinforce an idea Personalize an idea

Which of the following might be found on a list about how to best use testimony in a speech?

Do I use testimony from unbiased sources? Do I give credit to the original source of all quotes? Do I identify the sources of all testimony?

Which of the following are guidelines for the effective use of statistics?

Explain any statistics that are used. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends. Use statistics sparingly.

In his speech, Joe says, "George Washington Carver, Lonnie G. Johnson, Percy Julian." By reciting a list like this that relates to his topic, Joe is using

brief examples.

Examples put abstract ideas into ______ terms that listeners can easily understand.

concrete