Chapter 8 Test Bank

E

The centromere is at or very near the end in which type of chromosome? A) acrocentric B) metacentric C) paracentric D) submetacentric E) telocentric

B

The centromere is located approximately in the middle of which type of chromosome? A) acrocentric B) metacentric C) paracentric D) submetacentric E) telocentric

A

The centromere is near one end, producing a long arm and a knob, in which type of chromosome? A) acrocentric B) metacentric C) paracentric D) submetacentric E) telocentric

C

The complete set of chromosomes possessed by an organism is called a: A) polyploid. B) chromatin complement. C) karyotype. D) genotype. E) diploid.

E

An individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation possesses the following chromosomes: A B C DE F G A B C DVW X R S T UE F G R S T UVW X Will the products from alternate, adjacent-1, or adjacent-2 segregation be missing some genes? A) alternate segregation B) adjacent-1 segregation C) alternate and adjacent-1 segregation D) alternate and adjacent-2 segregation E) adjacent-1 and adjacent-2 segregation

B

Approximately _____ of the gametes produced by an individual heterozygous for a translocation will be nonviable. A) all B) half C) none D) a quarter E) an eighth

A

Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes, whereas humans have 46. Human chromosome 2 is a large, metacentric chromosome with G-banding patterns that closely match those found on two different acrocentric chromosomes of the apes. Which statement would BEST explain these findings? A) A translocation took place in a human ancestor, creating a large metacentric chromosome from the two long arms of the ancestral acrocentric chromosomes. The other small chromosome produced by this translocation was lost. B) Meiotic nondisjunction gave rise to a nullisomic gamete. The fusion of two nullisomic gametes produced the ancestor of the human species with 46 chromosomes instead of 48. C) A nonreciprocal translocation and subsequent fusion of the chromosomal fragments created a genome of 46 chromosomes without the loss of any genetic information. D) Infection by a primate virus created a new chromosome when the viral DNA became a permanent part of the genome. Humans were not affected by this virus, so they did not acquire the extra chromosome. E) Humans have the correct number of chromosomes. The extra chromosome pair in the other apes is a classic case of tetrasomy as a result of meiotic nondisjunction in the primate ancestor.

A

How is colchicine, the chemical used in preparing karyotypes, useful for studying chromosomal mutations? A) Colchicine prevents cells from entering anaphase, stalling them in metaphase with condensed chromosomes. B) Colchicine induces chromosome condensation during interphase, which allows the visualization of interphase chromosomes. C) Colchicine causes chromosomal breakage, leading to inversions and translocations that can be observed with a microscope. D) Colchicine ruptures the cell membrane, allowing the spreading of cells on microscope slides. E) Colchicine causes cells to exit the cell cycle, making the chromosome easier to visualize.

E

In order to perform karyotype analysis, chromosomes are obtained from actively dividing cells and treated with chemicals to keep them at the _____ stage of mitosis. A) prophase B) interphase C) anaphase D) telophase E) metaphase

B

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNOPOPQR STUVWXYZ A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

A

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNOPQR STUVWZ A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

E

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNOPQR STXWVUYZ A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

G

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNOPQRYZ STUVWX A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

D

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNOPRQQR STUVWXYZ A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

F

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNORQP STUVWXYZ A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

H

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNOXYZ STUVWPQR A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

C

Two chromosomes have the following segments, where - represents the centromere: KLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes? KLMNOPQR STXYUVWXYZ A) deletion B) tandem duplication C) displaced duplication D) reverse duplication E) pericentric inversion F) paracentric inversion G) nonreciprocal translocation H) reciprocal translocation

C

What typically happens to the small fragment generated by a Robertsonian translocation? A) The small fragment duplicates continuously. B) The small fragment remains stable. C) The small fragment often gets lost. D) The small fragment pairs up with its homologous chromosome. E) The small fragment tends to recombine back to a larger chromosome

D

Which form of aneuploidy causes primary Down syndrome? A) nullisomy B) monosomy C) disomy D) trisomy E) tetrasomy

E

Which of the following is NOT a rearrangement that causes chromosomal mutations? A) deletion B) duplication C) inversion D) translocation E) All these rearrangements cause chromosomal mutations.

D

Which of the following statements about chromosomal inversions is NOT true? A) The individual organisms have neither lost nor gained any genetic material. B) An inversion can break a gene into two parts and separate each to different locations. C) The expression of the gene may be altered due to the positional effect. D) The inversion mutations will not likely have pronounced phenotypic effects since there is no loss of genetic material. E) Individuals heterozygous for inversions may end up producing abnormal gametes.

B

Which of the following statements regarding the Drosophila Bar phenotype is NOT true? A) Unequal crossing over event may give a rise to the duplication of the Bar region. B) The trait is inherited as a complete dominant where both homozygous and heterozygous show similar phenotype. C) The more Bar segment copy the fly has, the more reduced the facets in the eyes get. D) The Bar phenotype reflects the genetic phenomenon called gene dosage effect. E) The balance of gene product is critical to cell function and normal development.

D

Which type of chromosome has a centromere displaced toward one end, creating a long arm and a short arm? A) acrocentric B) metacentric C) paracentric D) submetacentric E) telocentric

A

Which type of chromosome mutation DECREASES the amount of genetic material? A) deletion B) duplication C) inversion D) translocation E) transversion

B

Which type of chromosome mutation INCREASES the amount of genetic material? A) deletion B) duplication C) inversion D) translocation E) transversion

B

Which type of chromosome mutation decreases the amount of genetic material for one entire chromosome? A) translocation B) aneuploidy C) polyploidy D) inversion E) transversion

C

Which type of chromosome mutation increases the amount of genetic material for all chromosomes? A) translocation B) aneuploidy C) polyploidy D) inversion E) transversion

C

Which type of chromosome mutation results in a chromosome segment that is turned 180 degrees? A) deletion B) duplication C) inversion D) translocation E) transversion

D

_____ can cause genes to move from one linkage group to another. A) Inversions B) Deletions C) Polyploidy D) Translocations E) Unequal crossing over