Chapter 8

Which of the following statements about family influences on gender typing is true?

of the two sexes, boys are more gender-typed, partly due to fathers' insistence no conformity

which of the following parenting behaviors promotes social competence and peer acceptance during the preschool years?

offering suggestions for such challenges as managing conflict and entering play groups.

______________ predict(s) cooperative participation in classroom activities, task persistence, and academic performance into the early school grades

the ease with which kindergartners make new friends

Which of the following statements about children's empathy and sympathy is true?

Preschoolers who have parents who show empathic concern for their feelings are likely to react with concern to others' distress

Physical punishment has greater negative outcomes for children who __________

are temperamentally difficult

Which of the following children's' play activities is cause for concern, usually indicating adjustment problems.

functional play involving repetitive motor action

The most effective forms of parental discipline encourages a good conduct through _________

building a mutually respectful bond with the child

______ contribute(s) to declines in emotion outbursts during early childhood.

gains in inhibition and flexible shifting of attention

Which of the following is a consequence of repeated child abuse?

central nervous system damage, including reduced size and impaired functioning of the cerebral cortex

When gender- schematic children see other behaving in "gender- inconsistent" ways, they often ______

distort their memory to make it "gender-consistent"

Four- year old Parvati's parents label emotion words and explain them to her. Pavati is likely to be advanced in development of _____

emotion understanding

Findings on ethnic differences in use of physical punishment reveal that _____________

in African- American families, such discipline is generally mild and delivered in a context of parental warmth

Sex hormones and temperamental traits help explain why boys are more _________ aggressive than girls

physically

Authoritative parents typically make demands for mature behavior that are

reasonable, consistently enforcing and explaining those demands

In early childhood, ______ , aggression gradually replaces ______

verbal; physical