Chapter 8 Water and Minerals D

b. water, unsweetened tea, and black coffee

*************Which of the following beverage choices are best for meeting the body's fluid needs and controlling body weight? a. coffee, soy milk, and fruit drinks b. water, unsweetened tea, and black coffee c. artificially sweetened beverages, vegetable juices, and fruit drinks d. vegetable juices, regular cola beverages, vegetable juices, and fruit drinks e. herbal tea, decaf coffee, and whole milk

Calcium; sodium; Potassium; phosphorus

************[Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron] is by far the most abundant mineral in the body; nearly 99 percent is stored in bones and teeth. The chief mineral used to maintain fluid volume outside of the cell and a key regulator of electrolytes is [calcium,phosphorus,sodium,potassium,magnesium,iron] . [Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron]is highly concentrated inside cells and is an important contributor to nerve transmission. [Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron] is the backbone of the DNA molecule and is the principle component of cellular membranes.

a. 3.6 lbs

***********An extreme and unhealthy avenue for wrestlers to lose weight prior to "weigh in" is to reduce water intake and sometimes find ways to lose water weight quickly. Water loss can often be expressed as a percentage of body weight. How much water weight in pounds would a 180 lb wrestler lose if he lost 2 percent of his body weight? a. 3.6 lb b. 1.8 lb c. 2.2 lb d. 5.0 lb e. 4.1 lb

1,500; 3500

********The DRI for sodium intake for an active, healthy young adult is [1,500 mg, 2,000 mg, 2,500 mg, 3,500 mg, 5,000 mg] , yet the average sodium intake in the United States is actually around [1,500 mg, 2,000 mg, 2,500 mg, 3,500 mg, 5,000 mg] , higher than the UL.

c. calcium

********What is one of the principal minerals in hard water? a. fluoride b. boron c. calcium d. sodium e. potassium

b. calcium

A diet low in ___________ and vitamin D can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. a. proteins b. calcium c. sodium d. phosphorus e. vitamin C

b. Tell her to limit her intake of processed and fast foods.

A friend informs you she has pre-hypertension, high blood pressure. She is advised to limit her salt intake, but doesn't know how. She asks you for advice. What is the best advice you can give your friend on how to control her salt intake? a. Let her know the best way to control her salt intake is to get rid of all milk products. b. Tell her to limit her intake of processed and fast foods. c. Inform her that limited use of her salt shaker will control her salt intake. d. Tell her to limit her water intake to balance out the salt intake. e. Tell her to stop eating fruits high in carbohydrate content.

c. buffers

The body's proteins and some of its mineral salts prevent changes in the acid-base balance of its fluids by serving as __________. a. ions b. electrolytes c. buffers d. solutes e. enzymes

hemoglobin, myoglobin, goiter, osteoporosis, hydroxyapatite

The oxygen-carrying protein of the blood is (a) [goiter, hemoglobin, hydroxyapatite, myoglobin, osteoporosis] . The oxygen-holding protein of the muscles is (a) [goiter, hemoglobin, hydroxyapatite, myoglobin, osteoporosis] . An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency is (a) [goiter, hemoglobin, hydroxyapatite, myoglobin, osteoporosis]. A reduction in bone mass of aged individuals where bones become porous and fragile is [goiter, hemoglobin, hydroxyapatite, myoglobin, osteoporosis]. The chief crystal of bone formed from calcium and phosphorus is [goiter, hemoglobin, hydroxyapatite, myoglobin, osteoporosis].

d. iodine

Thyroxine activity is dependent on ___________, a trace mineral that regulates basal metabolic rate and low amounts can result in a goiter. a. zinc b. chromium c. copper d. iodine e. iron f. selenium

a. water balance

Water intake is important to make up for the daily water loss through evaporation of sweat, water vapor in exhaled breath, urine, and feces. Therefore, a person must consume at least the same amount of water each day to maintain ___________. a. water balance b. dehydration c. water imbalance d. acid-base balance e. water intoxication

60; thirst; dehydration

Water makes up approximately [25,50,60,75,82] percent of an adult individual's body weight and is the most indispensable nutrient of all. Satiety and [thirst, hunger, dehydration, water intoxication, hypertension, hyponatremia] govern water intake. An extreme water imbalance, such as water loss, or [thirst, hunger, dehydration, water intoxication, hypertension], hyponatremia , can result in death if water intake is not readily available.

b. zinc

What is a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes that assists in proper immune functioning and is essential for wound healing? a. selenium b. zinc c. iron d. hemoglobin e. fluoride

c. Spinach is an excellent source of calcium.

Which of the following is FALSE about calcium food sources to meet calcium requirements? a. Milk is the traditional method to meet daily calcium needs. b. Brussel sprouts are another way to increase calcium intake. c. Spinach is an excellent source of calcium. d. Canned fish is a good source of calcium. e. Almonds and fortified almond milk are good sources of calcium.

a. Bottles marketed as "spring" water ensure the water comes directly from a natural spring.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning our water that we drink? a. Bottles marketed as "spring" water ensure the water comes directly from a natural spring. b. Seltzer is not labeled as water. c. Purified water is used for medical and research purposes. d. Distilled water is void of dissolved minerals. e. Carbonated water is referred to as either bubbling or sparkling water.