Chapter 9-10 Review

True/False: Jeffersonian Republicans believed that the common people were not to be trusted and had to be led by those who were wealthier and better educated.

False

True/False: President Washington believed that America was so powerful that it could afford to stay neutral in the great Revolutionary wars between Britain and France.

False

True/False: The Alien Laws were a reasonable Federalist attempt to limit uncontrolled immigration into the United States and protect dangerous French revolutionaries from weakening American national security.

False

True/False: The Jeffersonian Republicans generally sympathized with Britain in foreign policy, while the Hamiltonian Federalists sympathized with France and the French Revolution.

False

True/False: The Northwest Ordinance, passed under the Articles of Confederation, established the western territories as permanent colonies of the federal government.

False

True/False: The abolition of slavery in the North after the Revolution led to a strong movement for equal rights for free blacks.

False

True/False: The antifederalists opposed the Constitution, partly because they thought it gave too much power to the states and not enough to Congress.

False

True/False: The greatest failure of the national government, under the Articles of Confederation, was its inability to deal with the issue of western lands.

False

True/False: The passage of the first ten amendments to the Constitution demonstrated the Federalist determination to develop a powerful central government even if it threatened minority rights.

False

True/False: The states sent their delegates to Philadelphia in 1787 for the purpose of discarding the Articles of Confederation and writing a new Constitution with a strong central government.

False

True/False: The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were a mix of wealthy landowners and merchants with poorer farmers, artisans, and laborers.

False.

James Madison

Father of the Constitution and author of "Federalist" Number 10.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

General Anthony Wayne's victory over the Miami Indians that brought Ohio territory under American control

Funding and assumption

Hamilton's aggressive financial policies of paying off all federal bonds and taking on all state debts

True/False: The U.S. Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, was extremely weak because it had no power to regulate commerce or impose taxes on the states.

True

True/False: The federalists used tough political maneuvering and the promise of a bill of rights to win a narrow ratification of the Constitution in key states.

True

True/False: The first American political parties grew mainly out of debate over Hamilton's fiscal policies and U.S. foreign policy toward Europe.

True

True/False: The first political rebellion against the new United States government was by frontier whiskey distillers who hated Hamilton's excise tax on alcohol.

True

True/False: The movement toward the separation of church and state in America was greatly accelerated by the disestablishment of the Anglican church in Virginia.

True

True/False: The primary force threatening American national security and unity in the 1790's were the international wars set off by the French Revolution.

True

George Washington

Unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of demigods

Patrick Henry

Virginia antifederalist leader who thought the Constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality

Thomas Jefferson

Washington's secretary of state and the organizer of a political party opposed to Hamilton's policies

Alexander Hamilton

Young New Yorker who argued eloquently for the Constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government

Society of Cincinnati

an exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition

"The Federalist"

brilliant book of essays by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay that helped sway critical support for the Constitution in New York

John Jay

frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the Articles; one of the three authors of The Federalist.

antifederalists

group that failed to block the central government they feared but did force the promise of a bill of rights

Alien and Sedition Acts

harsh and probably unconstitutional laws aimed at radical immigrants and Jeffersonian writers

Washington's Farewell Adress

message telling America that it should avoid unnecessary foreign entanglements--a reflection of the foreign policy of its author

Articles of Confederation

original American charter of 1781 that was put out of business by the Constitution

Benjamin Franklin

revered elder statesman whose prestige in the Constitutional Convention helped facilitate the Great Compromise

XYZ

secret code names for three French agents who attempted to extract bribes from American diplomats iin 1797

Bill of Rights

ten constitutional amendments designed to protect American liberties

federalists

wealthy conservatives devoted to republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation

Whiskey Rebellion

A protest by poor western farmers that was firmly suppressed by Washington and Hamilton's army

Supreme Court

Body organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first headed by John Jay

Alexander Hamilton

Brilliant administrator and financial wizard whose career was plagued by doubts about his character and his beliefs concerning popular government

True/False: Adams decided to seek a negotiated peace with France in order to unite his Federalist party and enhance his own popularity with the public.

False

True/False: In battle over the Bank of the United States, Jefferson favored a loose construction of the Constitution, and Hamilton favored a strict construction.

False

True/False: Jefferson and his Republican Party followers turned against the French Revolution when it turned radically violent in the Reign of Terror.

False

Bank of the United States

Institution established by Hamilton to create a stable currency and bitterly opposed by states' rights advocates

Samuel Adams

Leading Massachusetts radical during the American Revolution who led the opposition to the Constitution in his state in 1787

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Legislation passed by an alliance of jefferson and the Baptists that disestablished the Anglican church

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of western territories to states.

Federalists

Political party that believed in a strong government run by the wealthy, government aid to business, and a pro-British foreign policy.

Republicans

Political party that believed in the common people, no government aid for business, and a pro-French foreign policy

Daniel Shays

Revolutionary War veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far-reaching consequences

James Madison

Skillful politician-scholar who drafted the Bill of Rights and moved it through the First Congress

John Adams

The second president of the United States, whose Federalist enemies and political weaknesses undermined his administration.

True/False: A political deal between Jefferson and Hamilton involved obtaining Virginia's support for assumption of state debts in exchange for locating the D.C. along the Potomac River by Virginia.

True

True/False: Hamilton financed his large national debt by revenues form tariffs and excise taxes on products such as whiskey.

True

True/False: Hamilton's basic purpose in all his financial measures was to strengthen the federal government by building a larger national debt.

True

True/False: John Jay's unpopular treaty with Britain stirred outrage among many Americans and fueled the rise of Jefferson's Republican Party.

True

True/False: Shays's Rebellion significantly strengthened the movement for a stronger central government by raising fears that the United States was falling into anarchy and mobocracy.

True

True/False: Speculation, profiteering, and inflation weakened the economy and spurred social discontent during the years under the Articles of Confederation (1781-1787).

True

True/False: The American Revolution created a substantial, though not radical, push in the direction of social and political equality.

True

True/False: The Great Compromise between large and small states at the convention resulted in a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation from all states.

True

True/False: The Revolutionary ideal of republican motherhood emphasized the central role of women in raising the selfless, virtuous citizens necessary to sustain self-government.

True