Chapter 9

Charismatic versus Transformational Leadership

- charismatic qualities found in transformational - overlap and support each other -charismatic leaders by nature are transformational, but not all transformational leaders achieve their transforming results through the charismatic effects of their personalities.

individualized consideration

- transformational - The leader serves as a mentor to followers. He or she treats followers as individuals and uses a developmental orientation that responds to follower needs and concerns

inspirational motivation

- transformational - leader passionately communicates a future idealistic goal or situation that is a much better alternative to the status quo and can be shared.

intellectual stimulation

- transformational - leader's creative and out-of-the-box thinking style. He or she encourages followers to approach old and familiar problems in new ways.

idealized influence

- transformational - leaders with charisma possess the ability to develop great symbolic power that is then used to motivated followers. Followers praise such a leader and often develop a strong emotional attachment.

change acceleration process model

1. leading change. 2. creating a shared need. 3. shaping a vision. 4. mobilizing commitment. 5. making change last. 6. monitoring progress. 7. changing system and structure.

reward assumtion

Stewardship puts greater responsibility in the hands of employees. Therefore, to realize successful stewardship, the organization must redesign the compensation system to match rewards to actual performance.

teamwork orientation

Stewardship works best in situations where self-managed teams of core employees and the leader work together to formulate goals and strategies for a changing environment.

equal assumtion

Stewardship works best when there is perceived equality between leaders and followers. It is a partnership of equals rather than a leader-follower command structure.

stewardship

To achieve the objectives of the "owner" by managing the people and resources for growth. Leads the organization to accomplish the desires and objectives of stakeholders. - authoritarian and participation. - Intrinsic; altruism, responsibility, respect for authority

servant leadership

To ensure that other people's highest priority needs are being served and they develop as persons. - Listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment, and community

superb communication skills

explains complex ideas and goals in clear, compelling ways, so that everyone from the top management level to the bottom level of the organization can understand and identify with their message.

charisma

is a distinct social relationship between the leader and follower, in which the leader presents a revolutionary or extraordinary idea; the follower accepts this course of action because of an effective belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader.

vision

is the ability to imagine different and better conditions and the ways to achieve them. it uplifts and attracts others.

personal meaning

is the degree to which people's lives make emotional sense and to which the demands confronted by them are perceived as being worthy of energy and commitment.

self confidence

leaders build trust in their followers through an abiding faith, strong moral conviction, and optimism.

trustworthyness

leaders that will risk their careers to pursue the leader's visions. They build support and reliance by showing commitment to followers' needs over self-interest and by being fair.

J.M Burns

proposed two leadership approaches for getting work done: transactional or transformational

transactional leadership

seeks to maintain stability within an organization through regular economic and social exchanges that achieve specific goals for both the leaders and their followers. leadership based on an exchange process in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance

high energy and action orientation

serve as role models for getting things done on time. They engage their emotions in everyday work life, which makes them energetic, enthusiastic, and attractive to others.

transformational leadership

serves to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and a compelling vision of what a new organization could be. gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interests for the good of the group

transactional beliefs

source of power is based on position. compliant, short term, reward by pay & promotion, supervision is important, change occurs with follower behaviour, leadership is found in leader behaviour

transformational beliefs

source of power is in character and competence. commitment and long term. rewarded through pride and self-esteem. supervision is less important. change occurs with followers attitude and values. leadership is found in followers heart

decentralized decision making and power

stewardship has a great chance to succeed, given the empowered status of employees and the closer relationship between managers and followers. The absence of this principle makes stewardship inoperable

charismatic leadership

the effects of the leader on followers, or in terms of the relationship between leaders and followers. It is a complex paradigm that has generated a number of theories regarding its nature, causes, and implications for organizational performance.

qualities of charismatic leaders

vision, communication, conviction, trustworthiness, self confidence, energy and action orientation