Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
Staring with fumaría acid and ending with ketoglutaric acid in Figure 9.2, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation?
1
Refer to Figure 9.2. Starting with citric acid and ending with oxaloacetic acid, how many ATP molecules can be formed from oxidation phosphorylation?
11
How many molecules of CO2 would be released from the complete aerobic respiration of a molecule of sucrose, a disaccharide?
12
How many carbon atoms feed into the Krebs cycle?
2
How many moles of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a mole of glucose in cellular respiration
36
How many ATP molecules are produced by glycolysis
4
Each time a moelcule of glucose is completely oxidized cua aero is respiration, how many oxygen (O2) molecules are required?
6
Refer to Figure 9.2. How many ATP molecules can be made throug substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation if you started with succinyl CoA and ended with oxaloacetate?
6
Which step requires ATP to occur
A
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is
A difference of H+ concentration on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following statements concerning the breakdown of glucose to CO2 and water is true
A, and B only are correct
Hydrogen ions flowing through a cylinder causing the cylinder and attached rod to rotate like rushing steam turns a water wheel is an analogy that best describes
ATP synthase activity
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in
Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
All of the following substances are produced in a muscle cell under anaerobic conditions except
Acetyl CoA
Refer to Figure 9.2. Where do the catabolism products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA
Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the Krebs cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of CO2 from a molecule of pyruvate?
Acetyl CoA
All of the following are function of the Krebs cycle except
Adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water.
Which kind of metabolic poison would most fierectly interfere with glycolysis?
An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized
In the presence of a metabolic poison that specifically and completely inhibits the function of mitochondrial ATP synthase which the following would you expect
An increase in the pH difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Catabolism of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates can result in a two-carbon molecule that enters the Krebs cycle. What is the molecule?
Arctic acid or Acetyl CoA
In which reaction is an inorganic phosphate added to the reactant?
C
Glycolysis takes place in which location
Cytosol
Which step is the first to produce an acid?
D
In which reaction is a net gain of ATP finally realized the from glycolysis?
E
In chemiosomtic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+Pi to ATP?
Energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
Glycolysis is an__________Reaction
Exergonic
All of the following are products or intermediaries in glycolysis except
FADH2
During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?
FADH2
Most of the energy that enters electron transport enters as
FADH2 and NADH
The Krebs cycle produces which if the following molecules that then transfer energy to the electron transport system?
FADH2 and NADH
During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?
Food->NADH->electron transport chain->Oxygen
Which reaction shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules
Fructose diphosphate (B)
Which the following does not participate in glycolysis
Glycerol
Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Which proves un eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O2 is present or absent?
Glycolysis
A young relative of yours had never had much energy. He goes to a doctor for help and is sent to the hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acidábamos for respiration, and his cells produce more lávate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition?
His mitochondria lack the transport protein that move pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial membrane
Glycolysis is believed to be one of the most ancient of metabolic processes. Which statement below least support this idea?
If run in reverse, glycolysis will build glucose molecules.
Pyruvate is formed
In the cytosol
An organism is discovered that consumes a an organism is discovered that consumes a Considerable amount of sugar, yet does not gain much weight when did Nied air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as air is removed from the organisms environment, but the organism seems to thrive even in the absence of air. When return to normal air, the organism does fine. Which of the following best describes organism?
It is a facultative anaerrobe
Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme. All the following statements concerning this enzyme are true except:
It is an Allosteric enzyme
Which of the following statement is true of fermentation
It produces a net gain of NADH
You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat on a diet. Where did all the fat go (how was it last)?
It was released a CO2 and H2O
Refer to Figure 9.2. Carbon skeletons for amino acid bisynthesis are supplied by intermediates of the Krebs cycle. Which intermediate would supply the carbon skeleton for synthesis of a 5-carbon amino acid?
Ketoglutaric acid
Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?
Krebs cycle-> NADH-> electron transport chain ->oxygen
Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to _______ and in this step gain _____
Lactate... NAD+
The electron transport chain energy is used to pump H+ ions into which location
Mitochondrial intermembrane space
Acetyl CoA accumulates in which location
Mitochondrial matrix
Electron shuttle across the membrane begins in which location
Mitochondrial matrix
During oxidative phosphorylation, H2O is formed. Where do the oxygen atoms in the H2O come from?
Molecular oxygen
Cells do not catabolize carbon dioxide because
Most of the available electron in and she was released by the time the CO2 was formed
All of the following statement about NAD+ are true except
NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH
What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate+NADH+ H+ -> lactate+ NADH+
NADH
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
NADH and pyruvate
Which of the following is a true distinction between fermentation and cellular respiration
NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain only in respiration
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the cellular compartmentation of the steps of respiration or fermentation
NADH is produced only in the mitochondria
Information fermentation, _______is____
NADH..... oxidized
It is possible to prepare vesicles from protons of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial components. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Which metabolic process is most closely associated with intracellular membranes?
Oxidative phosphorylation
The final electron acceptor Of the electron transport chain that functions and oxidative phosphorylation is
Oxygen
Carbon skeletons to be broken down during cellular respiration can be obtained from
Polysaccharides, proteins and lipids
In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions
Provide energy to establish the proton gradient
Which one of the stages normally occurs whether or not oxygen is present
Stage I: Glycolysis
Which one of the stages occurs in the cytosol of the cell
Stage I: Glycolysis
Which one of the stage produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water
Stage IV: Oxidative phosphorylation
Carbon Dioxide is released during which stage(s)
Stages II and III: Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and Krebs cycle
The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following
Substrate- level phosphorylation
Most CO2 from catabolism is released during
The Krebs cycle
When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the inter-membrane space, the result is
The creation of a proton gradient
The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is
The difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
During aerobic cellular respiration, a proton gradient in mitochondria will be generated by ________ and used primarily for _______.
The electron transport chain... ATP synthesis
All of the following statement about glycolysis are true except:
The end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O
When electrons flow along the electron transport chain of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs
The pH of the matrix increase
Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which process?
Transferring electrons from organic molecules to oxygen
The primary role of oxygen in respiration is to
act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
The primary function of the mitochondrial is the production of ATP. To carry out this function, the mitochondrion must have all of the following EXCEPT
enzymes for glycolysis
A major function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is the conversion of energy from electrons to the stored energy of the phosphate bond in ATP. To accomplish this function, membrane must have all of the following features EXCEPT
high permeability to protons
Where are the protein of the electron transport chain located
inner membrane
Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
inner membrane
What must a muscle cell do to keep contracting
regenerate ATP at a very fast rate
