chapter 9 history

WHEN WAS THE FIRST BIG GOLD STRIKE IN CALIFORNIA?

1848

WHEN DID FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER WRITE The Significance of the Frontier in American History.

1893

WHEN WAS LITTLE BIG HORN

Battle June 1876.

DESCRIBE THE LIFE, CAREER, AND IMPORTANCE OF WILLIAM F. "BUFFALO BILL" CODY

Born 1846 in Iowa. Did the most to keep the cowboy the cultural icon of the Old West. He is one of the most famous figure and legendary figures of the Old West. Cody was a freighter, fur trapper, pony express rider, soldier, army scout, buffalo hunter, hunting guide, and finally actor and showman. Created Wild West Show in 1883 and toured US and Europe with it, keeping heritage of the Wild West alive until his death in 1917.

BLACK FRONTIER SOLDIERS WERE CALLED

Buffalo soldiers

WHAT IS BARBED WIRE AND HOW DID IT IMPACT THE WEST?

Metal wire. Barbed wire fences Belonging to both ranchers and farmers increasing closed in the open range. No more long drive, fewer need for cowboys and no more open range.

WHO WERE THE LEADERS IN LITTLE BIG HORN?

Montana. Lt. Colonel George A. Custer led 7th cavalry (U.S. Army). Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.

WHAT STATES SAW MAJOR GOLD AND SILVER STRIKES?

Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Dakota

WHAT DID FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER WRITE

Paper to American Historical Association titled The Significance of the Frontier in American History.

WHERE WAS GOLD DISCOVERED IN 1858 (AROUND DENVER)?

Pike's Peak region of Colorado

WHO PLANNED A BRILLIANT STRIKE AGAINST THE U. S. ARMY IN 1866?

Red Cloud

WHO IS ONE OF THE FIRST INDIAN LEADERS TOSPEAK OUT AGAINST THE AMERICAN ADVANCE UPON THE PLAINS?

Red Cloud (Sioux)

WHAT ARE "RESERVATIONS"

Reservations, small parcels of land federal government had partitioned for the Indians' use.

WHAT DID TURNER THINK WAS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THE FRONTIER?

That the frontier experience had been the single most important influence on American life and culture.

Why is The Significance of the Frontier in Amerian History important

Turner claimed that the frontier experience had been the single most important influence on American life and culture. Frontier provided safety valve for the pressures of American life; that is, a place of escape for those who could not or would not fit into the structure of civilization.

BUFFALO BILL IS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS FIGURE AND LEGENDARY FIGURES OF THE OLD WEST

True. Cody was a freighter, fur trapper, pony express rider, soldier, army scout, buffalo hunter, hunting guide, and finally actor and showman. Created Wild West Show.

WHO LED A BRILLIANT STRIKE AGAINST THE U. S. ARMY IN 1866?

Crazy Horse

WHO WAS FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER?

American Historian

AS THE OPEN RANGE GAVE WAY TO RANCHING FEWER & FEWER COWBOYS WERE NEEDED IN THE 20TH CENTURY.

And a way of life practiced by a small number of workers gave way to an enduring symbol of the American West that continues to fascinate people from all parts of the nation and world.

WHO LED THE SOLDIERS WHO DIED IN THIS 1866 ATTACK?

Capt. William Judd Fetterman

DESCRIBE THE FIRST BIG "BOOM" INDUSTRY OF THE WEST FOLLOWING THE CIVIL WAR.

Cattle boom. Conditions in Northeast and Midwest created a new demand for beef. Prosperity and growing urban populations (owing to large wave of immigration helped spur growth of newly invigorated cattle business West of Mississippi River.

DESCRIBE THE LIFE AND WORK OF THE COWBOY.

Cowboys drove cattle on long drive to Cowtowns to be sold at auction and then loaded into box cars and shipped to eastern Markets. Cowboys worked long hours, from sunup to sundown, usually 6 or 7 days week. They worked mostly from horseback (tending cattle) but also took part in fencing, branding and various other chores.

WHAT WAS THE "LONG DRIVE" AND WHY WAS IT NECESSARY?

Cowboys drove thousands of cattle hundreds of miles north to newly sprung cowtowns such as Wichita, Kansas City and Dodge City, Kansas. To get the cattle to auctions held in these towns and then after the cattle were sold they were loaded into boxcars and shipped to eastern markets.

WHO WAS THE YOUNG SIOUX WARRIOR WHO LED THE ATTACK UPON CAPT. FETTERMAN IN WYOMING?

Crazy Horse.

DESCRIBE HOW IMPROVEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY IMPACTED SETTLERS ON THE GREAT PLAINS.

Due to improvements in farming technology (such as the steel plow) increasing numbers of settlers began to move onto the Great Plains in years following the Civil War.

DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENED AT WOUNDED KNEE IN 1890.

Final battle of the Indian wars. 7th cavalry slaughtered 200 Indian people (men, women, and children) as they attempted to leave Pine Ridge Indian Agency.

WHAT DID TURNER BELIEVE WAS THE AMERICAN "SAFETY VALVE" AND WHY WAS THIS IMPORTANT?

Frontier had provided a place of escape for those who could not or would not fit into the structure of civilization. Provided a place for homeless and solved social problems. Kept peace by allowing discontent to go to Frontier.

DESCRIBE THE HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862.

Generous terms under which federal government offered free land to those who would agree to live on the land and improve it. 160 acres by living on it for 5 years, improving it and paying about $30.

WHAT DID MAJOR STEPHEN H. LONG (EXPLORER) CALL THE GREAT PLAINS?

Great American Desert

DESCRIBE THE PLAINS INDIANS(FOR EXAMPLE - GREAT HORSEMEN, NOMADIC, ETC.

Great Horsemen, nomadic, were migratory - followed bison herds (provided Indians with food, clothing, shelter and tools), Warriors (various Indian groups fought among themselves), young Indians sought honor and respect through bravery and military exploits, Buffalo-hunting groups, fought against intruding whites, unparalleled as horsemen, warriors difficult to engage in battle & to pursue, Indians outnumbered chose to flee to live to fight another day. Pony raids on rival cultures, war on traditional enemies.

WHAT ROLE DID FENCES PLAY IN CLOSING DOWN THE "OPEN RANGE" CATTLE BUSINESS & ENDING THE "LONG DRIVE"?

The increase in large, metal barbed wire fences on ranches and farms closed the open range cattle business and ended the long drive.

WHAT WAS THE "OPEN RANGE" CATTLE BUSINESS?

Time in which ranchers simply laid claim to and then grazed their cattle on vast expanses of rangeland without legal authority to do so or fences to enclose their stock.

DESCRIBE THE BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGHORN.

US Army massacred by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Last great Indian victory.

NAME A FEW OF THE OLD WEST "COWTOWNS".

Wichita, Dodge City, Kansas City (all in Kansas), Cheyenne, Wyoming, Amarillo, Ft. Worth, Wichita Falls (all in Texas).

TRE WILD WEST "SHOW" BEGAN IN WHAT YEAR? 1883. WHO CREATED THIS WILD WEST SHOW?

William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody

WHAT ROLE DO RESERVATIONS PLAY IN SETTLING THE WEST & ENDING THE PLAINS INDIAN WARS?

Winter Campaign forced Indians to Reservation since army would move in and destroy everything Indians owned (including pony herds) in order to leave Indians no choice but to move onto reservations in order to survive (live).

DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF THE WINTER CAMPAIGN IN THE PLAINS INDIAN WARS.

Winter Campaign involved sending soldiers out to find the Indian bands settled in their winter camps, then launching a surprise attack in order to drive everyone from the place then bluecoats would move in and destroy everything Indians owned in order to force Indians onto reservations.

THE BATTLE OF LITTLE BIG HORN IS OFTEN CALLED

the last great Indian victory.

THE WINTER CAMPAIGN WAS A TYPE OF

total war