Chapter 9 - Human Rights and Fair Housing

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Established in 1965, HUD works to create a decent home and suitable living environment for all Americans; it does this by addressing housing needs, improving and developing American communities, and enforcing fair housing laws.

Reasonable accommodations

If a home provider is required to provide handicap accommodations for a tenant, this type of accommodations are required.

N.Y. State Human Rights Law

Protects individuals from the discrimination based on their age, creed, race, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, disability, military status, domestic violence victim status, arrest record, conviction record, predisposing genetic characteristics, and familial status.

Redlining

The refusal to lend money within a specific area for various reasons.

1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson

This is a Supreme Court case which concluded that 'separate is equal'

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This is a federal law that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

This is a federal law that prohibits all discrimination on the basis of race only.

Solicit sales or rentals of a particular neighborhood

A cease and desist list issued for a particular neighborhood prohibits agents from:

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A federal law that prohibits all discrimination on the basis of race.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A federal law that prohibits all discrimination on the basis of race. - Set the ground work for the rest of the civil rights laws

Have an in-house fair housing specialist for ongoing training

A responsibility of every broker office as it relates to fair housing.

The apartment must contain only a single bathroom

Abby is looking to rent the 2nd bedroom in her apartment but advertises that only female tenants will be considered. What feature must Abby's apartment contain in order to avoid violating NYS Fair Housing laws...?

Military Status

In addition to the classes protected under the federal fair housing laws, this clas are protected under the New York State Human Rights Law.

Marital Status

Indicated whether the person is married. The only possible answers are "married" or "single".

Federal Fair Housing Act, New York State Human Rights Law, and The local fair housing laws

These fair housing laws should a real estate agent be familiar with.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

This Act served as the beginning of the civil rights and fair housing laws.

Buchanan vs. Warley

This Supreme Court case concluded that block-by-block zoning, which encourages racial segregation was unconstitutional.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

This Supreme Court case reasoned that 'separate but equal' is considered constitutional.

Brown vs. Board of Education

This Supreme Court case ultimately overturned the decision of Plessy vs. Ferguson.

1954 Brown vs. Board of Education

This Supreme Court case which concluded that 'separate is NOT equal'

Testers

Volunteers from state or private agencies who enforce fair housing by claiming to be home seekers, thereby finding out if brokers deal fairly with all clients/customers.

The provider will experience financial hardship

A valid and legal reason for a home provider to NOT provide a particular handicap accommodation.

Jones vs. Mayer Supreme Court Decision (1968)

Held that Congress could regulate the sale of private property in order to prevent racial discrimination. Bars all racial discrimination, private as well as public, in the sale or rental of property, and that the statute, thus construed, is a valid exercise of the power of Congress to enforce the 13th Amendment.

1992

The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into federal law in year.

1988

The Fair Housing Amendment Act was signed into federal law in year.

Section 8

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 created this program.

1954

The Supreme Court case, Brown vs. Board of Education, was decided in this year.

Block-by-block zoning per racial group was unconstitutional

The Supreme Court case, Buchanan vs. Warley, concluded:

Red-Lining

The refusal to lend money within a specific area for various reasons. This practice is illegal.

A Tester

A volunteer who helps enforce fair housing laws by acting as a prospective buyer or renter.

Fair Housing Act of 1968

A federal prohibition that protects buyer/renter of a dwelling from seller/landlord discrimination with regards to race, color, religion, gender, national origin, familial status, or disability.

Fair Housing Act of 1968

A federal prohibition that protects buyer/renter of a dwelling from seller/landlord discrimination with regards to race, color, religion, gender, national origin, familial status, or disability. - 7

Non-Solicitation Order

A rule adopted by the Secretary of State which prohibits any or all types of solicitation directed towards homeowners within a defined geographic area. Such rule may be adopted after a public hearing and upon the Secretary's determination that homeowners within the subject area have been subject to intense and repeated solicitations by real estate brokers or salespersons and that such solicitations have caused owners to reasonably believe that property values may decrease because persons of different race, ethnic, religious or social backgrounds are moving or about to move into such area.

Familial Status

A single person, pregnant woman or a household with children under 18 living with parents or legal custodians who might experience housing discrimination. Filtering Down - The decline in value of properties in neighborhoods that were once middle or upper-middle income.

Americans with Disabilities Act

A wide-ranging civil rights law enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990 that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability.

Americans with Disabilities Act

A wide-ranging civil rights law enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990, that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability.

The Fair Housing Amendment Act

In 1988, this Act was passed into federal law.

The Americans with Disabilities Act

In 1992, this Act was passed into federal law which protected handicapped persons.

Domestic Violence Victim Status

In addition to the classes protected under the Federal Fair Housing laws, this class is protected under the New York State Human Rights Law.

Disability / Handicap

The consequence of an impairment that may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental, or some combination of these.

The owner or tenant of the unit themselves

The person responsible for paying for handicap accommodations within a particular unit of a multi-family building.

Steering

The practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race. Steering is highly illegal.

Blockbusting

The practice of inducing homeowners in a particular neighborhood to sell their homes quickly, often at below market prices, by creating the fear that the entry of a minority group or groups into the neighborhood will cause a precipitous decline in property values.

Redlining

The refusal to lend money within a specific area.

Sexual Orientation

This class is NOT protected under the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Citizenship Status

This class is protected under NYC fair housing laws but NOT New York State laws.

Fair Housing Act of 1968

This is a federal prohibition that protects a buyer/renter of a dwelling from seller/landlord discrimination with regards to race, color, religion, gender, national origin, familial status, or disability.

Cease and Desist List

Upon the establishment of a cease and desist zone by the Secretary, a list of homeowners who have filed owner's statements expressing their wish not to be solicited by real estate brokers or salesperson.

Cease and Desist List

Upon the establishment of a cease and desist zone by the Secretary, a list of homeowners who have filed owner's statements expressing their wish not to be solicited by real estate brokers or salesperson. Soliciting of listed homeowners by licensees is prohibited. Violators of such prohibition are subject to licensure suspensions or revocation.