Chapter 9 HW
A new arrow labeled "lengthens" could be added between
"Taq polymerase" → "primers"
Scientists like to use fluorescent proteins for various types of recombinant DNA procedures. You have a very small amount of the gene for a fluorescent protein. You'd like to make a fluorescent bacterium (!). Which of the following represents the correct sequence of procedures that you would use?
1-Amplify the gene using PCR. 2-Insert the gene into a plasmid vector. 3-Transform the vector into the bacteria.
In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?
To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene
Which statement regarding agricultural biotechnology is FALSE?
Agricultural biotechnology is extremely limited because foreign genes cannot be inserted into plant cells.
What provides the energy for DNA polymerization in a PCR reaction?
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
Foreign DNA can be inserted into cells using a variety of different methods. Which method involves the formation of microscopic pores in the cell's membrane?
electroporation
Biotechnology involves the
use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistanct crop plants.
Which of the following is NOT a property of useful vectors?
They always contain only one gene.
How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in the figure?
2
In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize the new DNA strand?
5' to 3'
What is the temperature used for the extension step?
72 °C
You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?
8
What is the sequence of the temperatures of a typical PCR reaction?
94 °C, 60 °C, 72 °C
Which of the following methods could be used to identify the source of an outbreak?
DNA fingerprinting
Which of the following attaches the target gene to a desired location?
DNA ligase
Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA technology is FALSE?
It has limited application because genes of interest cannot be moved from one type of cell to another.
Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell?
It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.
Why is DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus ideal for PCR?
It can withstand the high temperatures associated with PCR.
Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product?
Its genes are well known.
You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is
PCR.
Which of the following is an application that uses PCR?
Sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism
How do the strands separate during PCR?
The high heat of the denaturation step breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands.
What is a thermocycler?
The machine that controls the heat of the reaction, cycling between the different temperatures of the different steps during PCR
which of the following is NOT a property of useful vectors?
They always contain only one gene.
Which statement best describes restriction enzymes?
They are important for cloning applications because they can be used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences?
They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences
What is the function of the primers in PCR?
They provide a 3' end for the DNA polymerase.
What is the end goal of PCR?
To quickly increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence
Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.
True
One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli.
True
Why is baker's yeast useful for expressing genetically engineered genes?
Yeast cells are eukaryotic and so would likely be successful in expressing eukaryotic genes.
If you used a broken thermocycler that could not heat above 75°C, which of the following problems could you expect?
You would not get any amplification of DNA.
A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a
clone.
The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes
direct selection possible.
Which of the following pairings of recombinant DNA techniques and applications does NOT match?
gene silencing: production of subunit vaccines
The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is
mRNA → cDNA.
Which of the following applications of recombinant DNA technology is NOT controversial?
metagenomics
PCR stands for
polymerase chain reaction.
The use of suicide genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to
prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.
Which of the following provides the specificity of the PCR reaction?
primers
PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because
the RNA primer is specific.