Chapter 9

What is a performance monitor called for Apple?

Activity Monitor

What are examples of mobile operating systems?

Android, iOS, Windows

What are examples of a driver?

CD or DVD player/recorders pointing devices printers scanners digital cameras

What are the three types of operating systems?

Desktop, Server, Mobile

What is firmware?

ROM chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions

What is a performance monitor called in Windows?

Task Manager

What is a desktop operating system?

a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

What is the kernel known as?

a memory resident and stays in memory while the computer is on

What is UNIX?

a multi tasking operating system developed in the early 1970s

What is Linux?

a popular, multitasking UNIX-based operating system

What is virtual memory?

a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM

What is a password?

a private combination of characters associated with the user name

What is a performance monitor?

a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

What is iOS?

a proprietary mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices

What is Windows (mobile edition)?

a proprietary mobile operating system that runs on some smartphones

What is an operating system?

a set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware

What is a driver?

a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

What is a command-line interface?

a user types commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions

What is Rasbian?

a version of Linuix built for Raspberry Pi

What is bloatware?

additional programs and apps included with operating system, usually for profit

What does a multi user operating system allow?

allow multiple users to share a printer, Internet access, files and programs

What do server operating systems do?

allow users to share resources on a network secured by a logon procedure by establishing a username and password for each authorized user and organized and coordinate how multiple users access and share resources on a network

What is spooling or queuing?

allows the user to continue to work on other tasks while the print jobs are being processed

What is file manager?

allows you to create, move, rename, and organizing files on a variety of storage devices like hard drives, USB drives, network drives, CDs and DVDs

What is Android?

an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

What are screen savers also used for?

as a means for self expression, entertainment, and can even have a password to control access to the computer

What is plug and play?

automatically configured new devices as you install or connect them

What is the process of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device?

booting

What is Linux designed to be?

both a stand-alone, client side, operating system and a network, server side, operating system

What is a user interface?

controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

What does the operating system do?

determines the order in which tasks are processed

What are multi-processor systems?

have built in fault tolerant capabilities

What does a user name/user ID do?

identifies a specific user

What is the single processor environment?

if the processor malfunctions, the computer fails

What does a graphical user interface allow you to do?

interact with menus and visual images

What is special about Linux?

it is free and it is open-source software which means the source code is available to the public and the operating system can be modified or personalized by the user

What is search utility?

locates files based on user entered search criteria such as file name or type

What is personal firewall?

maintains your computers privacy and protects it from unauthorized access

What does the kernel do?

manages memory, device drivers, maintains clock operations, and assigns computer resources

Where is UNIX found?

on mainframes or large system servers

What is a multitasking environment?

one program runs in the foreground while many programs remain in the background

What is a device dependent program?

one that runs only on a specific type or make of a computer or mobile device

What is thrashing?

operating system problem that occurs when it spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software

What is device independent?

operating system that runs on computers and mobile devices provided by a variety of manufacturers

What does memory management do?

optimizes the use of the computer or device's internal memory

What does a network administrator do?

oversees how the network is being used

What else is an operating system called?

platform

Who used UNIX?

power users because of its flexibility and security

What is upward compatible?

programs or apps may or may not run on newer versions of an operating system

What is a backward compatible operating system?

recognizes and works with applications written for an earlier version of the operating system or platform

What is an automatic update feature?

regularly provides new features or corrections to the program

What is a device independent operating system?

runs on computers and mobile devices

What is hibernate mode?

saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device

What does it mean when a computer hibernates?

saves documents to the hard disk and removes power from the computer

What is buffer?

segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device

What is command language?

set of commands used to control actions performed in a command-line interface

What does a user account enable users to do?

sign in, or access resources on, a network or computer

What is fragmentation?

slows down disk access, thus the performance of the entire computer

What is proprietary software?

software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model

What is open source software?

software whose code is provided for use, modification, and redistribution

What does defragmenter do?

solves the problem

What are the many functions of the operating system?

start and shut down a computer or mobile device provide a user interface manage programs manage memory coordinate tasks configure devices establish an internet connection monitor performance provide file management and other device or media-related tasks updating operating system software control a network administer security

What is paging?

swapping items between memory and storage

What is a boot drive?

the drive from which your personal computer starts, which typically is an internal hard drive

What is the most common type of user interface?

the graphical user interface or GUI

What is the core of the operating system?

the kernel

What is mobile operating system?

the operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics and resides on firmware

What is a warm boot?

the process of restarting a computer or mobile device while it remains powered on

What does the term cold boot mean?

the process of starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is powered off completely

What does a cross-platform mean?

the program will run on multiple devices

What does a network administrator use the server operating system for?

to add and remove users, computers and other devices configure the network, install software and administer network security

What does the user interface allow users to do?

to communicate with the computer to provide data and instructions it also provides the format for the computer to present information back to the user

What is the purpose of memory management?

to optimize the use of random access memory and manage virtual memory located on external devices like hard drives, USB, or network drives

What are screen savers used for?

to prevent damage to displays called ghosting

What is a disk derangementer used for?

to reorganized stored files for more efficient and faster access

What is sleep mode?

when the computer saves documents to RAM and places the computer in a low-power state

What is backup utility?

will copy files or complete hard drive to external device or network in case you need to rebuild the system after some component failure