Chapter 9 Interim

Under federal law, PACs can contribute up to ________ per candidate for federal office in a primary election.

$5,000

A flaw in pluralism theory is the fact that

All answers are correct

________ wrote that "Liberty is to faction what air is to fire."

James Madison

Which of the following is NOT a typical interest group function?

addressing a broad and diverse range of public issues

The influence of interest groups through the courts occurs through

both initiating lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench.

The most numerous economic groups are

business groups

Theodore Lowi's theory of interest-group liberalism

deals with the tendency of officials to support the policy demands of the interest group or groups that have a special stake in a policy.

The situation in which individuals are tempted not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits even if they do not participate is called the

free-rider problem

Super PACs have been criticized primarily for

giving too much influence to the wealthy

An amicus brief

is a written document in which a group explains to a court its position on a legal dispute the court is handling

The Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) ruling held that super PAC spending

must not be coordinated with election campaigns.

Grassroots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to

pressure from constituents.

James Madison's solution to the problem of factions (special interests) has, in the modern policy process, actually contributed to the problem by

resulting in a fragmentation of authority among policymakers, and thereby providing groups more opportunities to get their way.

The second-largest number of PACs are those associated with

single-issue groups, such as environmental groups and right-to-life groups.

Which citizens' group did a Fortune magazine survey rank as the nation's most powerful lobbying group?

the AARP

Why have issue networks become more prevalent?

the increasing complexity of policy problems

Citizens' interest groups are distinguished from economic interest groups by the fact that

their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals.

Economic groups have an advantage over non economic groups because

they have greater access to financial resources.

In acknowledging the dilemma inherent in group activity, James Madison

worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest.

According to the Center for Responsive Politics, what was roughly the amount spent on lobbying in the United States in 2009?

$3.5 billion