Chapter 9

Which is NOT considered a good dietary source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Fortified breakfast cereals b. Almonds c. Peanuts d. Soybean oil e. Dark orange and yellow vegetables

e. Dark orange and yellow vegetables

Which transports preformed vitamin A from liver stores to tissues? Select one: a. Carotenoid circulating factor b. Retinol binding protein c. No answer is correct d. Opsin e. Chylomicrons

b. Retinol binding protein

Which of the following is a good source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Raw tomatoes b. Vegetable oil c. Calf's liver d. No answer is correct e. Skim milk

b. Vegetable oil

Which of the following is a fat soluble vitamin? Select one: a. Vitamin B12 b. Vitamin A c. Riboflavin d. Niacin e. No answer is correct

b. Vitamin A

Vitamin D regulates ________ and _________ balance in the body. Select one: a. no answer is correct b. calcium; phosphorus c. estrogen; progesterone d. energy; fat e. sodium; potassium

b. calcium; phosphorus

Keratomalacia most severely effects the: Select one: a. small intestine. b. eyes. c. liver. d. skin. e. tongue.

b. eyes

Which of the following carotenoids has vitamin A activity in the body? Select one: a. Alpha-carotene b. Zeaxanthin c. Lycopene d. Lutein e. No answer is correct

a. Alpha-carotene

The action of sunlight on 7-dehydrocholesterol forms: Select one: a. cholecalciferol. b. retinol. c. no answer is correct. d. 25-hydroxy vitamin D. e. parathyroid hormone.

a. cholecalciferol.

When vitamin A is deficient, all of the following occur EXCEPT: Select one: a. epithelial cells produce too much mucus. b. new epithelial cells do not differentiate properly. c. epithelial cells produce too little mucus. d. the likelihood of infection is increased. e. epithelial cells produce a hard protein found in hair and fingernails.

a. epithelial cells produce too much mucus.

Vitamin E is essential for: Select one: a. fertility. b. no answer is correct. c. the healing of scars. d. bone formation. e. the prevention of rashes.

a. fertility.

Vitamin D acts primarily in the: Select one: a. intestine, kidney and bone. b. skin and liver. c. no answer is correct. d. heart and lungs. e. stomach and pancreas.

a. intestine, kidney and bone.

The recommended intake of vitamin E is expressed in: Select one: a. milligrams of alpha-tocopherol. b. REs. c. alpha-tocopherol equivalents. d. micrograms of alpha-tocopherol. e. no answer is correct

a. milligrams of alpha-tocopherol.

The primary function of vitamin D in the body is to: Select one: a. regulate calcium and phosphorus levels. b. modulate iron levels. c. support night vision. d. prevent anemia. e. no answer is correct.

a. regulate calcium and phosphorus levels.

Vitamin E deficiency in the U.S. is most likely to be a problem in: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. premature infants. c. pregnant women. d. teenagers. e. older adults.

b. premature infants.

____________ is an anticoagulant that interferes with the action of vitamin K. Select one: a. Penicillin b. No answer is correct c. Dicumarol d. Cyclosporin e. Aspirin

c. Dicumarol

Differentiation, or the process by which cells become more specialized, is most affected by which form of vitamin A? Select one: a. Retinal b. Retinol c. Retinoic acid d. Alpha-carotene e. Beta-carotene

c. Retinoic acid

When vitamin A is deficient, there is a delay in the regeneration of the visual pigment. Which statement is INCORRECT? Select one: a. This condition is reversible. b. This is one of the first signs of a vitamin A deficiency. c. This condition is irreversible. d. This causes difficulty adapting to dim light after exposure to bright light. e. This condition is called night blindness.

c. This condition is irreversible.

What is the purpose of retinol activity equivalents? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. To quantify the decrease in vitamin A function due to exercise or activity. c. To provide a factor for converting a quantity of carotenoids to an equivalent amount of vitamin A. d. To estimate the bioavailability of vitamin A from different food sources. e. To determine the amount of vitamin A lost in processing.

c. To provide a factor for converting a quantity of carotenoids to an equivalent amount of vitamin A.

Vitamin A is essential for ____________. Select one: a. reproduction b. none of these c. all of these d. immune function e. growth

c. all of these

Fat soluble vitamins require _______ and _______ for absorption into intestinal cells. Select one: a. bile and lymph b. lymph and dietary fat c. bile and dietary fat d. no answer is correct e. lymph and chylomicrons

c. bile and dietary fat

When consumption of __________is insufficient, vitamin A absorption is decreased. Select one: a. protein b. alcohol c. fat d. water e. carbohydrate

c. fat

A vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults which is characterized by weak or soft bones is called: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. keratomalacia. c. osteomalacia. d. rickets. e. osteoporosis.

c. osteomalacia.

Vitamin A toxicity occurs most frequently when large amounts of _________ is (are) ingested. Select one: a. liver and onions b. polar bear liver c. preformed vitamin A supplements d. carrot juice e. egg yolks

c. preformed vitamin A supplements

The actions of vitamin D do NOT include: Select one: a. breaking down of bone to release calcium into the blood. b. stimulating intestinal calcium absorption. c. regulating thyroid hormone synthesis. d. increasing calcium reabsorption by the kidneys. e. no answer is correct.

c. regulating thyroid hormone synthesis.

Beta-carotene is LEAST plentiful in which food? Select one: a. Carrots b. Cantaloupe c. Mangos d. Kiwis e. Mustard greens

d. Kiwis

___________ is a visual pigment that helps transform light energy into a nerve impulse sent to the brain. Select one: a. No answer is correct b. Opsin c. Retinal d. Rhodopsin e. Retinoic acid

d. Rhodopsin

Fat soluble vitamins are transported from the intestine within ______________. Select one: a. LDLs b. HDLs c. VLDLs d. chylomicrons e. no answer is correct

d. chylomicrons

The best way to increase antioxidant intake is to: Select one: a. take an antioxidant-containing supplement. b. eat more chicken. c. eat more fish. d. eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. e. consume more dairy foods

d. eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

A vitamin D-deficiency syndrome characterized by bone deformities in children is called: Select one: a. osteomalacia. b. xerophthalmia. c. no answer is correct. d. rickets. e. scurvy. Feedback

d. rickets.

The food that contains the most vitamin D is: Select one: a. peanut oil. b. whole-wheat bread. c. kiwi. d. whole milk. e. cranberry juice.

d. whole milk.

Which statement about fat soluble vitamins is FALSE? Select one: a. Intake can vary without risking deficiency as long as the average intake is adequate. b. They can function in the control of gene expression. c. After absorption, they are transported in the lymphatic system. d. There are four fat soluble vitamins. e. Fat soluble vitamins are only found in plant-based foods.

e. Fat soluble vitamins are only found in plant-based foods.

What is true about provitamin A? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. It functions as a metabolic enzyme. c. It is available in both plant and animal products. d. It is a carrier of proteins. e. It is bound to fatty acids.

e. It is bound to fatty acids.

What is a function of vitamin E? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. Vitamin E liberates the bound reactive oxygen compounds into the bloodstream. c. Vitamin E blocks the absorption of free radicals in the small intestine. d. Vitamin E works with biotin to destroy harmful intestinal bacteria. e. Vitamin E neutralizes reactive oxygen compounds to prevent cell damage.

e. Vitamin E neutralizes reactive oxygen compounds to prevent cell damage.

Which statement is true about the need for dietary supplements? Select one: a. Vegans usually need supplements of Vitamin A. b. Vitamin A should be given in high doses to the elderly. c. No answer is correct. d. Supplement use increases overall health in all populations. e. Women of child-bearing age need extra folate.

e. Women of child-bearing age need extra folate.

Vitamin A deficiency can result in: Select one: a. osteomalacia. b. hemolytic anemia. c. no answer is correct d. goiter. e. xerophthalmia.

e. xerophthalmia.