chapter 9 quiz

Unanswered Question 24 0 / 1 pts Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Unanswered Question 30 0 / 1 pts Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

Unanswered Question 34 0 / 1 pts Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?

four

Unanswered Question 65 0 / 1 pts When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

generativity vs. stagnation

Unanswered Question 54 0 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Socioemotional discrimination theory suggests that our social support and friendships dwindle in number as we get older, but they remain as close, if not more close, than in our earlier years.

The word "discrimination" should be changed to the word "selectivity."

Unanswered Question 25 0 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Children with FASD may have a large head size and abnormal facial features, poor judgment, poor impulse control, higher rates of ADHD, learning issues, and lower IQ scores.

The word "large" should be changed to the phrase "below average."

Unanswered Question 23 0 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.

The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."

Unanswered Question 73 0 / 1 pts Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.

abused

Unanswered Question 28 0 / 1 pts 18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

Unanswered Question 43 0 / 1 pts Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

Unanswered Question 72 0 / 1 pts Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.

anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy

Unanswered Question 71 0 / 1 pts One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Unanswered Question 74 0 / 1 pts Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

Unanswered Question 68 0 / 1 pts Late maturing boys are ________.

at a higher risk of depression

Unanswered Question 3 0 / 1 pts Early maturing girls are ________.

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

Unanswered Question 8 0 / 1 pts ________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

Unanswered Question 35 0 / 1 pts Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

Unanswered Question 55 0 / 1 pts As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Unanswered Question 6 0 / 1 pts Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

avoidant

Unanswered Question 32 0 / 1 pts In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.

case study

Unanswered Question 21 0 / 1 pts ________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

Unanswered Question 47 0 / 1 pts During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

concrete operational

Unanswered Question 22 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage?

conservation

Unanswered Question 61 0 / 1 pts Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional

Unanswered Question 5 0 / 1 pts The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

cumulative process

Unanswered Question 77 0 / 1 pts What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?

developing a positive sense of self

Unanswered Question 1 0 / 1 pts Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

developmental milestones

Unanswered Question 44 0 / 1 pts Specific normative events are also called ________.

developmental milestones

Unanswered Question 66 0 / 1 pts Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Unanswered Question 75 0 / 1 pts Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Unanswered Question 42 0 / 1 pts Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

during early childhood

Unanswered Question 13 0 / 1 pts Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Unanswered Question 79 0 / 1 pts What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

Unanswered Question 9 0 / 1 pts Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

fine

Unanswered Question 41 0 / 1 pts Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

formal operational

Unanswered Question 53 0 / 1 pts What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Unanswered Question 63 0 / 1 pts Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

Unanswered Question 45 0 / 1 pts Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

Unanswered Question 18 0 / 1 pts During the elementary school stage (ages 6-12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

industry vs. inferiority

Unanswered Question 80 0 / 1 pts Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

initiative vs. guilt

Unanswered Question 51 0 / 1 pts After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

Unanswered Question 69 0 / 1 pts People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

intimacy vs. isolation

Unanswered Question 10 0 / 1 pts The concept conservation refers to ________.

knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

Unanswered Question 58 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?

moral reasoning

Unanswered Question 29 0 / 1 pts ________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

motor

Unanswered Question 49 0 / 1 pts A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

naturalistic observation

Unanswered Question 12 0 / 1 pts Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Unanswered Question 62 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

object permanence

Unanswered Question 16 0 / 1 pts When children develop theory-of-mind (TOM), they can recognize that ________.

others have false beliefs

Unanswered Question 67 0 / 1 pts Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

permissive

Unanswered Question 19 0 / 1 pts ________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

Unanswered Question 37 0 / 1 pts In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.

postformal

Unanswered Question 33 0 / 1 pts Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

Unanswered Question 36 0 / 1 pts According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?

preoperational

Unanswered Question 4 0 / 1 pts In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

preoperational

Unanswered Question 46 0 / 1 pts ________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial

Unanswered Question 17 0 / 1 pts It is hard to tell how Guy's father will respond to Guy. Sometimes he is responsive to Guy's needs, but he is just as likely to ignore Guy. At 18 months old, Guy clings to his father, but he is just as likely to reject his father if his father tries to play with him. Guy becomes angry when his father leaves, and Guy is difficult to comfort even after his father returns. What kind of attachment is this?

resistant

Unanswered Question 64 0 / 1 pts Rochelle has a glass of Kool-Aid. She pours her Kool-Aid into a toy teacup, and then she pours the Kool-Aid from the teacup into a beer stein. She then pours it from the beer stein back into the original glass. She knows the amount of Kool-Aid has not substantially changed. What does this exemplify?

reversibility

Unanswered Question 27 0 / 1 pts ________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata

Unanswered Question 78 0 / 1 pts Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

Unanswered Question 14 0 / 1 pts Ego identity is our ________.

sense of self

Unanswered Question 70 0 / 1 pts During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor

Unanswered Question 31 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?

stranger anxiety

Unanswered Question 52 0 / 1 pts Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety

Unanswered Question 38 0 / 1 pts Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

surveys

Unanswered Question 11 0 / 1 pts A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.

teratogen

Unanswered Question 40 0 / 1 pts Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of ________.

teratogens

Unanswered Question 60 0 / 1 pts Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust

Unanswered Question 57 0 / 1 pts Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________.

universal

Unanswered Question 39 0 / 1 pts During the early childhood years, the number of words a child uses increases at a rapid pace. This is sometimes referred to as the ________.

vocabulary spurt

Unanswered Question 59 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage

Unanswered Question 50 0 / 1 pts A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

zygote

Unanswered Question 7 0 / 1 pts According to attachment theory, which of the following is not needed for healthy attachment?

Caregiver must be responsive to a child's religious preference.

Unanswered Question 20 0 / 1 pts Which of the following does not occur during the concrete operational stage?

Children begin to use language.

Unanswered Question 48 0 / 1 pts Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

Unanswered Question 15 0 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?

In some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting is as beneficial as authoritative parenting.

Unanswered Question 2 0 / 1 pts Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Unanswered Question 76 0 / 1 pts Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.

Moro reflex

Unanswered Question 26 0 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the sexual nature of our development rather than its social nature.

The words "sexual" and "social" should be switched.

Unanswered Question 56 0 / 1 pts What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

What is normal development?