Chapter 9 Quiz
Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Moment Magnitude earthquake than in one with Mw of 5.5?
30 times
Which one of the following statements about the crust is NOT true?
Oceanic crust is enriched in potassium, sodium, and silicon.
The elastic rebound theory for the origin of earthquakes was first proposed by ________ following the ________ earthquake.
Reid; 1906 San Francisco
Which one of the following statements is correct?
S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids
The ________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage.
San Francisco, 1906
Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?
They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.
________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.
XII
The lithosphere is defined as ________.
a rigid layer of crustal and mantle material
Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
aftershocks
The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ________.
arrival time of P and S waves
The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by ________.
design of structures, intensity and duration of the vibrations, and nature of the surface material
The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.
epicenter
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the ________.
focus
The asthenosphere is located ___________.
in the upper mantle
The dense core of Earth is thought to consist predominantly of ________.
iron
________ refers to the tendency for a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking.
liquefaction
The ________ Magnitude is a measure of the total energy released. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage.
moment
________ have the highest velocities.
primary waves
Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
seismic waves
The instrument that records earthquake events is termed a ________.
seismograph