Chapter 9 Quiz Questions
Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits of information.
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P.O.R.N
Proactive Old Retroactive New (proactive - old memories get in the way of new ones) (retroactive - new memories get in the way of old ones)
Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of
encoding failure
The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory.
iconic
A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.
implicit (procedural/nondeclarative)
The misinformation effect refers to
incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information is called
retroactive interference
After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of
retroactive interference
The organization of information into meaningful units is called
chunking
Sounds and words that are not immediately attended to can still be recalled a couple of seconds later because of our ________ memory.
echoic
The process of encoding refers to
getting information INTO memory
Explicit memory is to _______, as implicit memory is to __________.
hippocampus/facts; cerebellum/skills
The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as
long term potentiation (LTP)
A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ____________ memory.
long-term
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ________________ memory.
long-term
A mnemonic device is a
memory aid
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called
proactive interference
Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves
repression
Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in
retrieval
The process of getting information OUT OF memory refers to
retrieval
The process by which information is encoded by its meaning is called
semantic processing
After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory.
short-term
Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
short-term
The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than massed study is known as
the spacing effect
To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as ________ memory.
working
