Chapter 9 Review

Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

-most popular & researched job satisfaction scale -assesses/scores 5 facets: Work Pay Promotion Opportunities Supervision Coworkers

Job in General Scale (JIG)

A measure of the overall level of job satisfaction -good reliability -correlates well with other scales of global job satisfaction

Occupational commitment

Attachment to one's occupation or profession regardless of employer or organization.

Growth need strength (GNS)

Desire to fulfill higher-order needs, Desire for personal development, Seeking growth, etc. from work

Underemployment

Extent to which someone is working at jobs that are of lower quality than they are capable of doing. Types: -Economic; individuals pay is insufficient to cover needs -Skill; performing jobs below skill level

What is 'scope' in Job Characteristics theory?

The five core characteristics of -skill variety -task identity -task significance -autonomy -task feedback combined to define the complexity/challenge of a job

Normative commitment

a desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation

Affective commitment

a desire to remain a member of an organization due to an emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization

Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)

a self-report measure of job satisfaction that breaks satisfaction down into 20 job facets -assesses intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction

Moderator variable

a variable that affects the relationship between two other variables

What are the three types of organizational commitment?

affective continuance normative

You feel emotionally attached to your job. Which component of organizational commitment is keeping you at your job? a. occupational commitment b. Normative commitment c. Continuance commitment d. Affective commitment

d. Affective commitment

Masculinity

extent to which organizations focus on achievement/performance as opposed to health and well-being of employees

Individualism

extent to which people see themselves as autonomous and focus on their own interests and needs rather than those of others -common in Western countries

Emotional dissonance

inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project

skill variety

number of skills necessary to do a job

Continuance commitment

organizational commitment based on the fact that an individual needs a job (salary, benefits, no other jobs)

Emotional labor

required expression of certain emotions at work

what are the core characteristics of Job Characteristics Theory?

skill variety task identity task significance autonomy task feedback

Negative affectivity (NA)

tendency for an individual to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety or depression, across a wide variety of situations

Positive affectivity (PA)

tendency for an individual to experience positive emotions, such as enthusiasm or joy across situations

organizational commitment

the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization -acceptance of organizational goals -intention to stay on job -willingness to work hard

task feedback

the extent to which it is obvious to employees that they are doing their jobs correctly

autonomy

the freedom employees have to do their jobs as they see fit

task identity

whether or not an employee does an entire job or a piece of a job

Locus of control

whether or not people believe they are in control of reinforcements in their life internals - believe they're in control externals - believe in fate/luck or others controlling reinforcements in their life

A person is dissatisfied with pay and their fringe benefits. Which aspect of the MSQ would measure this? a. extrinsic satisfaction b. intrinsic satisfaction c. benefit satisfaction d. commitment satisfaction

a. extrinsic satisfaction

Pay satisfaction is less associated with actual level of pay and more associated with what factor? a. fairness b. benefits c. incentive systems d. motivation

a. fairness

Which cultural value has been shown to relate to job satisfaction? a. individualism/collectivism b. masculinity c. power distance d. uncertainty avoidance

a. individualism/collectivism

Bill is more committed to the accounting profession than he is to the organization he works for. What type of commitment does this reflect? a. occupational b. affective c. continuance d. normative

a. occupational

_____________ commitment refers to commitment to one's occupation. a. occupational b. affective c. continuance d. normative

a. occupational

A carpenter who completes a finished desk from raw wood would be rated high on: a. task identity b. job feedback c. collectivism d. task significance

a. task identity

Which of the following job characteristics addresses whether an employee does an entire job or a piece of a job? a. task identity b. job feedback c. skill variety d. task significance

a. task identity

Much commitment research has focused on the relationship between organizational commitment and ________________. a. turnover b. employee health c. stress d. negative affectivity

a. turnover

Which of the following is a component of organizational commitment? a. Job congruence b. Acceptance of organizational values and goals c. Locus of control d. Negative affectivity

b. Acceptance of organizational values and goals

Bruce has a dissatisfying job, so he seeks satisfaction with his family at home. Which hypothesis does this scenario describe? a. Spillover hypothesis b. Compensation hypothesis. c. Segmentation hypothesis. d. None of the above.

b. Compensation hypothesis.

Managers from which countries were shown to be least satisfied? a. The United States b. England c. Israel d. Canada

b. England

_______________refers to the nature of job tasks themselves and how people feel about the work they do. a. Job satisfaction b. Intrinsic satisfaction c. Extrinsic satisfaction d. Job commitment

b. Intrinsic satisfaction

What is the biggest limitation to the JDI? a. It only has 3 facets. b. It only has 5 facets. c. It only has 20 facets. d. It only has 72 facets.

b. It only has 5 facets.

Which facet measure of job satisfaction measures only five facets? a. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) b. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) c. Job in General (JIG) d. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS)

b. Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

Which has NOT been shown to be an antecedent of job satisfaction? a. Pay b. Length of time on job c. Job characteristics d. Age

b. Length of time on job

Which cultural value reflects the extent to which organizations focus on achievement and job performance as opposed to employee health and well-being? a. Collectivism b. Masculinity c. Power distance d. Individualism

b. Masculinity

I have worked for Cyber tech for a long time, I feel obligated to the company and feel that I should spend the rest of my career there. I am demonstrating what kind of organizational commitment? a. Continuance b. Normative c. Affective d. Positive affectivity

b. Normative

The extent to which an individual identifies with and is involved with the organization in which they work is known as a. Job involvement. b. Organizational commitment. c. Job satisfaction. d. Occupational commitment.

b. Organizational commitment.

Which of the following jobs would most likely be highest in task significance? a. Truck driver b. Paramedic c. Assembly line worker d. Cashier

b. Paramedic

______________commitment is associated with better job performance, whereas _______________ commitment is associated with lower performance. a. continuance; affective b. affective; continuance c. affective; normative d. normative; affective

b. affective; continuance

Americans were most satisfied with which of the following features of their jobs? a. pay b. co-workers c. security d. promotional opportunities

b. co-workers

The Hawthorne researchers identified some employees as "chronic kickers". These employees: a. constantly pushed themselves to "kick their performance up a notch". b. complained about the job continually regardless of what the researchers did for them. c. would kick their machines to get them to function properly. d. were verbally abusive to their coworkers.

b. complained about the job continually regardless of what the researchers did for them.

Dan has accrued a benefits package and does not feel that he can leave his job, although he would like to. This describes what form of commitment? a. affective b. continuance c. normative d. behavioral

b. continuance

Many companies require their employees to express positive emotions when dealing with customers. This is known as a. emotional exhaustion. b. emotional labor. c. emotional dissonance. d. positive affectivity

b. emotional labor.

According to the ____________approach to job satisfaction, people can be satisfied with some aspects of their jobs and dissatisfied with other aspects of their jobs. a. global b. facet c. aspect d. component

b. facet

Emotional labor only has negative effects on employees. a. true b. false

b. false

Global satisfaction can be assessed by summing individual facet scores. a. true b. false

b. false

Internal LOC individuals have similar levels of job satisfaction as external LOC individuals. a. true b. false

b. false

A personality characteristic that refers to a person's desire for satisfaction of higher order needs such as autonomy or achievement is referred to as a. self-actualization needs. b. growth need strength. c. esteem needs. d. power distance.

b. growth need strength

Which of the following health and well-being variables has NOT been related to job satisfaction? a. upset stomach b. heart disease c. anxiety d. sleep problems

b. heart disease

Barbara is convinced that she is the "mistress of her fate," and that she alone controls her success or failure. This point of view is often held by people who are high in a. negative affectivity. b. internal locus of control. c. external locus of control. d. collectivism.

b. internal locus of control.

Repairing a car and writing a paper differ the most on what job characteristic? a. task identity b. job feedback c. skill variety d. task significance

b. job feedback

Organizational commitment is most strongly related to a. turnover. b. job satisfaction. c. absenteeism. d. gender.

b. job satisfaction.

Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's cultural dimensions? a. masculinity b. locus of control c. power distance d. uncertainty avoidance

b. locus of control

You conduct a study that reveals that the correlation between social support and job satisfaction is stronger for women than for men. You would say that gender _________________the relationship between social support and satisfaction. a. validates b. moderates c. extrapolates d. corroborates

b. moderates

Cyber Tech is aware that there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and sales work for single individuals; however the correlation does not exist for married individuals. In this case marital status is a variable in the predictive relationship between job variables and job satisfaction. a. spurious b. moderator c. mediator d. None of the above

b. moderator

David has enjoyed all the jobs he's had because he generally tends to enjoy life. This illustrates the model of job satisfaction. a. environment b. personality c. interactionist d. selection

b. personality

In a 2009 SHRM poll, approximately what percent of working Americans reported liking their jobs overall? a. 12 % b. 45 % c. 86 % d. 91 %

c. 86 %

Research on the relationship between job satisfaction and performance has shown that: a. The average correlation between job satisfaction and performance is strong and positive (>.50). b. People who like their jobs perform no better than people who don't like their jobs. c. Employees who perform well are more satisfied because they receive rewards for their performance. d. People who like their jobs perform worse than people who don't like their jobs.

c. Employees who perform well are more satisfied because they receive rewards for their performance.

____________is measured by the MSQ and concerns aspects of the work situation that the person likes, such as fringe benefits and pay. a. Job satisfaction b. Intrinsic satisfaction c. Extrinsic satisfaction d. Job commitment

c. Extrinsic satisfaction

Carol is satisfied with her job as a professor because she enjoys learning and communicating information to others, and professors spend their time learning and teaching. This illustrates which model of job satisfaction? a. Environment b. Personality c. Fit d. Selection

c. Fit

Which of the following is not an example of a job satisfaction facet? a. Pay b. Supervision c. Individualism d. Security

c. Individualism

Which statement below best characterizes the relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction? a. Job satisfaction leads to life satisfaction. b. There is no relationship between life and job satisfaction. c. Job and life satisfaction affect each other. d. In high paying jobs, job satisfaction causes life satisfaction.

c. Job and life satisfaction affect each other.

Which of the following statements about the relation between job satisfaction and gender and age is correct? a. Job satisfaction tends to be higher among men than women, and increases with age. b. Job satisfaction tends to be higher among men than women, but is unrelated to age. c. Job satisfaction is unrelated to gender, and tends to increase with age. d. Job satisfaction tends to be higher among women than men, and is unrelated to age.

c. Job satisfaction is unrelated to gender, and tends to increase with age.

Which job satisfaction scale measures intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction? a. Myers Brigs Type Indicator (MBTI) b. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) c. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) d. Job in General Scale (JIG)

c. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)

Bob has a negative view on everything from his job to his house to the behavior of his kids. The tendency for an individual to experience negative emotions across a wide variety of situations is called a. internal locus of control. b. external locus of control. c. negative affectivity. d. spillover.

c. Negative affectivity

Individuals who tend to respond to their jobs negatively and be dissatisfied with them would most likely score highly in which of the following personality traits? a. Internal Locus of Control b. External Locus of Control c. Negative affectivity d. Positive affectivity

c. Negative affectivity

Susan enjoys dancing and is very good at it. She teaches accounting, a subject which she does not enjoy. She would most likely have a problem with which antecedent of job satisfaction? a. Job characteristics b. Individualism c. Person-job fit d. Locus of control

c. Person-job fit

Which of the following statements about job characteristics is true? a. Results of studies using questionnaires have definitively shown that job characteristics cause increases in job satisfaction. b. Research in Malaysian samples showed that job characteristics were related to job satisfaction. c. Research suggests that changes in job satisfaction associated with changes in job characteristics may be short-lived. d. No studies have shown that the five job characteristics are related to job satisfaction.

c. Research suggests that changes in job satisfaction associated with changes in job characteristics may be short-lived.

Clark compartmentalizes his life so that what happens at work has no effect on his home life. Which hypothesis does this scenario describe? a. Spillover hypothesis b. Compensation hypothesis. c. Segmentation hypothesis. d. None of the above.

c. Segmentation hypothesis.

Which of the following statements about emotional labor is true? a. The form of emotional labor performed can affect both employees and customers who observe it. b. The negative effects of surface acting are greater for men than women. c. Surface acting can have positive effects on well-being. d. Deep acting is associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion than surface acting.

c. Surface acting can have positive effects on well-being.

If I wanted to research someone's job satisfaction, I would most likely assess them by which of the following? a. A job shadow b. A supervisor interview c. The JDI d. Positive affectivity test

c. The JDI

Collectivism

people see themselves interconnected to others with a focus on the groups to which they belong -common in Asian/Latin countries

Uncertainty avoidance

reflects the level of comfort in situations that are unpredictable highest - Greece, Portugal lowest - Singapore, Jamaica U.S is in lower third

power distance

tolerance people have for power and status differences among levels of an organization high power distance - produce managers who demand obedience Latin countries are highest

Which measure of facet job satisfaction was most thoroughly and carefully validated, and is most popular with researchers? a. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) b. Job in General Scale (JIG) c. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) d. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS)

a. Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

_____________ is an attitudinal variable that reflects how people feel about their jobs overall and about various aspects of their jobs. a. Job satisfaction b. Organizational commitment c. Job involvement d. Occupational commitment

a. Job satisfaction

Which assessment inventory does NOT measure job satisfaction? a. Myers Brigs Type Indicator (MBTI) b. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) c. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) d. Job in General Scale (JIG)

a. Myers Brigs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Which of the following statements about pay satisfaction is TRUE? a. Pay satisfaction has a larger correlation with distributive justice than procedural justice. b. Pay satisfaction is affected by how an individual's salary compares to people in general rather than to others in the same job. c. Pay is associated more strongly with global satisfaction than pay satisfaction. d. Pay satisfaction is largely determined by individual personality.

a. Pay satisfaction has a larger correlation with distributive justice than procedural justice.

Robin is very dissatisfied with her job and it is affecting her life at home. Which hypothesis does this scenario describe? a. Spillover hypothesis b. Compensation hypothesis. c. Segmentation hypothesis. d. None of the above.

a. Spillover hypothesis

Which of the following dimensions is measured by the Job Descriptive Index (JDI)? a. Supervision b. Autonomy c. Security d. Recognition

a. Supervision

In general, Americans tend to be most satisfied with which aspect of their jobs? a. The nature of their work b. Pay c. Promotion possibilities d. Health insurance and other fringe benefits

a. The nature of their work

Which hypothesis or hypotheses about the relation between life satisfaction and job satisfaction has received the most empirical support? a. The spillover hypothesis b. The compensation hypothesis c. The segmentation hypothesis d. The compensation and segmentation hypothesis have both received strong support.

a. The spillover hypothesis

Research into the relationship between age and job satisfaction across countries has demonstrated a. a curvilinear relationship between age and job satisfaction, with those between 26 and 31 being least satisfied. b. a linear increase in job satisfaction with those closest to retirement being most satisfied. c. no relationship between age and job satisfaction. d. a negative correlation, with those closest to retirement being the least satisfied with their jobs.

a. a curvilinear relationship between age and job satisfaction, with those between 26 and 31 being least satisfied.

Job conditions and whether or not expectations are met are most likely to affect which type of organizational commitment? a. affective b. continuance c. normative d. behavioral

a. affective

Brian enjoys his job because it is important, involves a variety of tasks, and he has the freedom to do his job as he sees fit. This example illustrates the model of job satisfaction. a. environmental b. personality c. interactionist d. selection

a. environmental

Research has shown that the relationship between job satisfaction and absence is not a very strong one. It has been suggested that this may be because a. job satisfaction and absenteeism are truly not related. b. those individuals who are truly dissatisfied with their jobs will usually quit rather be absent a lot. c. absence from work results from many other factors other than low job satisfaction. d. psychologists have not developed a valid measure of job satisfaction.

c. absence from work results from many other factors other than low job satisfaction.

Which of the following describes the freedom employees have to do their jobs as they see fit? a. task identity b. job feedback c. autonomy d. task significance

c. autonomy

Meyer, Allen, and Smith (1993) have proposed a three-component conception of commitment. Which of the following is NOT one of these components? a. affective b. continuance c. behavioral d. normative

c. behavioral

If an employee has to pretend to be happy while s/he is experiencing an opposite emotion, s/he is likely feeling a. emotional exhaustion. b. tired of doing emotional labor. c. emotional dissonance. d. negative affectivity

c. emotional dissonance.

Arnold believes that getting a promotion depends mostly on luck. This point of view is often held by people who are high in a. negative affectivity. b. internal locus of control. c. external locus of control. d. externality.

c. external locus of control.

Caryn feels stifled by her job. Although she wants to take on a wider variety of tasks and have more autonomy and responsibility, her boss refuses to increase the scope of her job. Hackman and Oldham would argue that her is(are) not being met by her job. a. positive affectivity needs b. external locus of control needs c. growth need strength d. feedback needs

c. growth need strength

Which of the following is NOT an environmental antecedent of job satisfaction? a. justice b. pay c. locus of control d. job characteristics

c. locus of control

In general, job satisfaction is _____________related to turnover and ____________related to absence. a. positively; negatively b. positively; positively c. negatively; negatively d. negatively; positively

c. negatively; negatively

Jim is an independent worker who prefers autonomous tasks; however his current boss is a "hands on, team oriented" manager and is always "helping" Jim with his tasks. I/O psychologists would argue that Jim's job satisfaction would be low because of a. his inability to complete the needed tasks on the job. b. his poor self-esteem. c. poor person-job fit. d. negative affectivity

c. poor person-job fit.

The characteristic influential in job satisfaction that represents the complexity and challenge of a job is known as: a. job variety. b. GNS. c. scope. d. MPS.

c. scope.

Emotional labor is likely to lead to negative effects if: a. the employee has control over the situation. b. there are rewards for the results of emotional labor. c. the employee feels emotional dissonance. d. the employee actually experiences the emotions being displayed.

c. the employee feels emotional dissonance.

Mowday, Steers, and Porter (1979) suggest that organizational commitment is comprised of three components. Which of the following is NOT included? a. An acceptance of the organization's goals b. A willingness to work hard for the organization c. The desire to stay with the organization d. A refusal to acknowledge any negative aspects of the organization

d. A refusal to acknowledge any negative aspects of the organization

According to the organizational commitment theory proposed by Mowday et al. what reason(s) would keep you with an organization? a. An acceptance of the organization's goals b. A willingness to work hard for the organization c. The desire to say with the organization d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Job scope is affected by a. skill variety. b. task significance. c. job feedback. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Job satisfaction is usually measured by what method? a. Watching people to see if they act as if they like their jobs. b. Checking to see if people show up at work. c. Asking their supervisors. d. Asking the people themselves.

d. Asking the people themselves.

According to the research on culture differences in job satisfaction, the Latin countries tend to be high in which of the following values? a. Collectivism b. Masculinity c. Power distance d. Both a & c

d. Both a & c

Which of the following dimensions is NOT measured by the Job Descriptive Index (JDI)? a. Work b. Supervision c. Promotion opportunities d. Communication

d. Communication

Which of the following measures global job satisfaction but does not measure facets of job satisfaction? a. Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) b. Job Descriptive Index (JDI) c. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) d. Job in General Scale (JIG)

d. Job in General Scale (JIG)

The approach to examining job satisfaction from an interactionist perspective focuses mainly on person-job fit. What are they most likely to examine? a. The personality characteristics of the individual b. The KSAOs of the job c. Cultural differences between individuals on the job d. The correspondence between what people want on a job and what they say they have

d. The correspondence between what people want on a job and what they say they have

The major weakness of the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) is that a. it was not carefully developed. b. it has not been validated. c. it includes so many facets that it is difficult to make sense of the results. d. it includes only five facets.

d. it includes only five facets.

Research has suggested that job satisfaction a. is always determined by the characteristics of the job. b. is unrelated to other feelings we have about our jobs. c. is unrelated to general life satisfaction. d. may have a genetic component.

d. may have a genetic component.

Which of the following is NOT a core job characteristic included in Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Theory? a. skill variety b. task identity c. task significance d. task difficulty

d. task difficulty

task significance

impact a job has on other people