Chapter 9 Study Guide Notes

What are three important details about the city of Baghdad?

-Baghdad was a crossroad of trading routes -Baghdad was the capital of the empire Abbasid -1000 architects, workers, and craftspeople built the city of Baghdad

What factors combined to promote learning in Muslim lands?

-Muslim profound love of learning -The acceptance of the Arabic language -The building of schools and other centers of learning -University in Cairo became the most advanced in the Muslim world

How are mosques designed?

-one tower with a small balcony for praying -courtyards with fountains -prayer room -raised pulpit called a minbar -Niche in the wall indicating direction of Makkah for prayer

What was a Muslim contribution in the area of disease?

Dr. al-Razi found that disease was caused by bacteria.

al-Khwarizmi's books were important to the field of mathematics for what two reasons?

1.) His books helped popularize Arabic Numerals in Europe. 2.) They were often used in European Universities to teach algebra to students.

What were two ways that textiles were important to Muslims.

1.) Lots of money was gained trading them 2.) Clothes showed social rank and wealth.

What were two accomplishments in the Geography/Navigation Section?

1.) Measured earth's circumference within nine miles of its actual value 2.) Perfected the astrolabe and the compass

Where did Arabian Night's stories originate and where did they spread?

Arabian Night's stories originated in India, Persia, and other areas of the Middle East. They spread across the Middle East and Europe, and more stories were added the more the others were spread.

What is chess and why did it become popular with medieval Muslims?

Chess involves players moving pieces that represent an army across a board and was loved by the Muslims because they loved its intellectual challenge.

What was a Muslim contribution in the area of hospitals?

Muslims built the world's first hospital.

What are two ways Muslims expanded and adapted bookmaking?

Muslims decorated books with gold and small paintings. They also spread stories by trading their books to other cultures.

What was one contribution Muslims made in zoology?

Jahiz's theories of animal evolution, and creating the first zoological garden/zoo.

What was a Muslim contribution in the area of surgery?

Muslim doctors used stitches made from animal gut to sew up wounds and put patients asleep before surgical operations with opium or hemlock.

What types of designs were used my Muslims in their art?

Muslims used a design called arabesque (floral) and geometric shapes in their art. They did not paint faces in their art, however.

What is polo and why did it become popular with medieval Muslims?

Polo involved two teams on horseback with mallets to strike a ball through a goal. The Muslims enjoyed polo because they thought of horses as status symbols.

What impact did Ibn Sina's book The Canon of Medicine play in the medieval world?

The Canon of Medicine was used by medieval teachers to teach their students.

What was a Muslim contribution in the area of medicine?

The Muslims made painkillers, antiseptics, ointments, and remedies made from plants, herbs, animals, and minerals.

Describe the purpose of the compass and the astrolabe

The compass was used to show direction (like the direction of Makkah) and the astrolabe was used to tell time, based on the location of the sun or the stars.

Why was the music that was developed in Cordoba (Spain) unique?

The music created in Cordoba was unique because it was home to the world's first music school and it was highly influenced by parts of Arab and native Spanish cultures.

How are mosques similar to European Capitals?

They both represent prayer

What did Muslims create to take advantage of the scarce amounts of water they had?

They built dams, aqueducts, water wheels, and underground wells to irrigate their fields and supply the citizens with water.

How did Muslim philosophers follow the example of Greek Scholars?

Using reason and logic to explain important truths and tried to make all logic agree with their faith

Why was the Indian concept of zero that was spread by Muslims important?

Zero helped write large numbers and answer problems that were equivalent to nothing.

What was one contribution Muslims made in astronomy?

creating navigational tools such as the astrolabe.