Chapter 9 _ water and minerals
Much of the zinc in our diet is supplied by the consumption of______.
poultry red meat
The primary source of dietary sodium in America is______.
processed foods
The mineral that is a component of the amino acids, cysteine and methionine is
sulfur
The production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach requires the mineral
chloride
Rank where water is lost in the body in order from the greatest source of loss to the least.
1. urine 2. sweat 3. air 4. feces
The Adequate Intake for total water intake in young men is approximately how many cups per day?
15.5
The AI for sodium in adults under 51 years is _____.
1500 mg/day
What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?
18
Food supplies approximately what percentage of our total water intake?
20
Magnesium participates in more than chemical reactions in the body.
300
Which of the following is NOT a function of water within the body?
Bodily fluids serve as the basis for storage of fat-soluble vitamins in the body.
What can you do to enhance the absorption of a calcium supplement?
Choose a supplement with vitamin D. Take the supplement with meals. Take only 500 mg of calcium at a time.
Which of the following dietary changes could a person make to increase iron absorption?
Consume nonheme sources of iron in combination with heme sources of iron. Choose a rich source of vitamin C, such as a glass of orange juice, when taking an iron supplement.
A decrease in the presence of which vitamin will decrease the amount of calcium absorbed?
D
Which of the following are functions of zinc in the human body?
DNA synthesis and function wound healing growth and development during pregnancy
Which of the following agencies regulates the sanitation of the public water supplies in the United States?
EPA
Choose the roles of sodium within the body.
Transporting small substances into cells Proper muscle functioning
The RDA for iron is highest for______.
a 30-year-old woman
Which of the following is the best food source of magnesium?
beans
Which of the following are good sources of iron?
beef liver pumpkin seeds
The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the body is called its______.
bioavailability
Where is most of the calcium in the body found?
bone
Which of the following are functions of calcium?
bone building muscle function blood clotting
Skeletal fluorosis which results from excessive fluoride consumption causes______.
bone pain
Both phytic and oxalic acids interfere with the absorption of which mineral?
calcium
Some minerals, such as copper and magnesium, work as , enabling various proteins, such as enzymes, to function.
cofactor
Signs and symptoms of dehydration include _____.
coma fatigue and thirst rapid weight loss
Foods that contain milk but are not good sources of calcium include _____.
cottage cheese sour cream and cream cheese
If a female is pregnant and does not have enough iodine in her diet, what is the possible outcome for the fetus?
cretinism
A depletion of body water is called _____.
dehydration
A harmful reduction in body water is termed
dehydration
Dark colored urine may be a sign of______.
dehydration
When children have fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and increased perspiration, they are at an increased risk for
dehydration
Which of the following is not a factor that may limit calcium absorption?
dietary glucose
Compared to younger adults, seniors are at risk for dehydration because they______.
do not sense thirst as accurately
Consuming vitamin D with meals that contain iron is the best way to increase your absorption of iron.
false
True or false: A difference between potassium and sodium is that potassium operates outside cells and sodium operates inside cells.
false
Which of the following condition is most likely to cause dehydration in children?
fever
Which of the following is a role of sodium in the human body?
fluid balance
The consumption of excess fluoride over a long time period can result in
fluorosis
Other sources of water include______.
fruit soup milk
Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods?
fruits vegetables meats
Which of the following foods provides the most sodium?
hot dogs
A high-sodium diet is associated with an increased risk of _____.
hypertension
Which of the following are possible outcomes associated with dehydration?
increased fatigue rapid weight loss increased thirst
Most of the body's potassium is found in the _____.
intracellular fluid
The fluid contained within a cell is also called _____.
intracellular fluid
In order for water to become the main component of urine, the kidneys first filter excess _____ from the blood and then water follows.
ions
According to the World Health Organization, many cases of anemia are due to
iron
The mineral that is a component of the oxygen transporting proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin is
iron
Which of the following minerals is the most common trace mineral deficiency in the United States?
iron
Examples of minerals that interact with proteins are _____.
iron cobalt sulfur
Zinc _____ widespread in the food chain.
is
Which of the following is not a bodily function associated with magnesium?
kidney function
The heavy ion content of concentrated urine increases the risk of formation in susceptible people (generally men).
kidney stone
Potassium is associated with _____ blood pressure.
lowering
Roles for chloride in the body include _____.
maintaining fluid balance maintaining acid base balance nerve transmission
Which of the following are functions of water?
major solvent transport nutrients regulate body temperature
Which of the following minerals are trace minerals?
manganese copper iron
What is the main source of heme iron?
meat
Which of the following is a poor source of iron?
milk
The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil and water is called
minerals
A male has more muscle tissue than a female, therefore he will have _____ fluid in his body.
more
A salt-sensitive person is _______ likely to develop hypertension when they consume a sodium rich diet.
more
Signs and symptoms of water intoxication include _____.
nausea and vomiting drowsiness weight gain inability to coordinate movements
Choose the functions of iron.
needed for immune system function necessary for oxygen transport important in brain development
The type of iron found in plant foods is referred to as______.
nonheme iron
Increasing bone density when a person is young is the best defense against osteoporosis. This is accomplished by______.
obtaining adequate amounts of calcium from foods performing weight-bearing exercise exposing skin to sunlight to stimulate the production of vitamin D
An inadequate calcium intake is associated with _____.
osteoporosis
Obtaining adequate amounts of calcium from foods and performing weight--bearing exercises are good ways for a young person to prevent later in life.
osteoporosis
Much of the calcium in many leafy green vegetables, notably spinach, is not absorbed because of the presence of ______ acid.
oxalic
Constituents of plant fibers that interfere with calcium absorption include _____.
oxalic acids phytic acids
The primary function of iron is to______.
oxygen transportation
Through what process does the body use water to regulate body temperature?
perspiration
Major contributors of ______ to the adult diet include milk, whole grains, dried beans, and meats.
potassium
An individual can lower their sodium intake by _____.
requesting that no salt be added to your food during preparation Use herbs and spices that do not contain added salt while preparing foods tasting food before salting it
Roles for sulfur in the body include being______.
required for enzyme activity incorporated into antioxidant molecules
Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?
sedentary lifestyle following long-term diets that contain inadequate calcium and vitamin D smoking
In the United States, people with what condition would be at the most risk for developing a selenium deficiency?
serious digestive tract condition
The consumption of a diet high in which mineral is associated with an increased risk of hypertension?
sodium
The primary regulator of fluid intake is
thirst
Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body______.
through the production of urine
A deficiency of selenium would lead to ____ disorders.
thyroid heart
Select the food that supplies the highest source of iron.
whole grain total, cereal, 3/4 cup
The development of the sense of taste and smell requires the mineral ____.
zinc
True or false: If a person is severely dehydrated, a coma may result.
true
Kidney stones are formed by the presence of which of the following?
waste products minerals
Which of the following are major minerals?
calcium sodium potassium
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?
calcium sodium potassium
Where is most of the potassium in the body found?
cells
Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?
cheese bok choy sardines canned in oil with bones
Table salt is composed of sodium and______.
chloride
A healthy person's average daily water input _____ their daily losses.
equals
As a result of a chronically inadequate iodide intake, an adult may develop______.
goiter
As perspiration evaporates from the skin's surface into the air, the body is cooled by the loss of ______.
heat
Lean muscle tissue contains ____ water than fat tissue.
more
Select the food source that has the least amount of selenium per serving.
mushrooms, 1/2 cup
The AI of 1500 mg/day for sodium does not apply to the following _____.
people who work in hot extremely hot conditions marathon runners
Iron is an important component of______.
red blood cells
Which of the following is not a good source of magnesium?
refined grains
Table salt is chemically known as
sodium chloride
Plants obtain the minerals they need from______.
soil, fertilizers
Select the primary function of iodine.
thyroid hormone synthesis
What is the easiest way to determine if you are drinking enough water?
to observe the color of your urine
True or False: Having a goiter while pregnant may lead to stunted growth and growth retardation in infants.
true
True or false: Potassium is found in a variety of food products.
true
Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.
tuna, 3oz
Which of the following dark green, leafy vegetables are good sources of calcium?
turnip greens kale
Ways to lower your sodium intake include______.
using less table salt eating less processed food reading nutrition labels carefully choosing low-sodium foods
When an excessive amount of water is consumed in a short time the condition that can develop is called
water intoxication
Which federal agency regulates bottled water products designated for interstate commerce?
FDA
How much water a person needs can be affected by______.
alcohol fever exercise