Chapter 9

3rd step

After the message is received, it is decoded back into a form that has meaning for the receiver

Difference?

Centralized- When the group's task is relatively simple and routine, centralized networks tend to perform with greatest efficiency and accuracy. Decentralized- When the task is complex and non-routine, such as making a major decision about organizational strategy, decentralized networks tend to be most effective because open channels of communication permit more interaction and a more efficient sharing of relevant information.

Horizontal communication?

Communication that flows laterally within the organization; involves colleagues and peers at the same level of the organization and may involve individuals from several different organizational units. Probably occurs more among managers than non managers.

Verbal communication:

Communication that flows up and down the organization, usually along formal reporting lines; takes place between managers and their superiors and subordinates and may involve several different levels of the organization

1st step?

Encode the meaning into a form appropriate to the situation. Influenced by the content of the message, the familiarity of the sender and receiver, and other situational factors.

Oral communication?

Face-to-face conversation, group discussions, telephone calls, and other circumstances in which the spoken word is used to transmit meaning Primary advantage: promotes prompt feedback and interchange in the form of verbal questions or agreement, facial expressions, and gestures. It is easy and can be done with little preparation

Decentralized communication network?

Finally, the all-channel network, the most decentralized, allows a free flow of information among all group members. Everyone participates equally, and the group's leader, if there is one, is not likely to have excessive power.

Centralized communication networks?

In the wheel pattern, all communication flows through one central person, who is probably the group's leader. In a sense, the wheel is the most centralized network because one person receives and disseminates all information.

Noise

May disrupt communication anywhere along the way. Ex: Someone coughing, a truck driving by, or two people talking close at hand.

Written Communication?

Memos, letters, reports, notes, and other circumstances in which the written word is used to transmit meaning Over 80 percent of the managers who responded to one survey indicated that the written communication they received was of fair or poor quality **Thus written communication often inhibits feedback and interchange and is usually more difficult and time consuming than oral communication.

Choosing the right form?

Oral communication, e-mail, or text messaging is often preferred when the message is personal, nonroutine, and brief. More formal written communication is usually best when the message is more impersonal, routine, and longer.

Role of Communication?

Relates directly to basic management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Communication is a pervasive part of virtually all managerial activities.

Communication networks?

The pattern through which the members of a group communicate

Process of communication?

The process of communication begins when one person (the sender) wants to transmit a fact, idea, opinion, or other information to someone else (the receiver).

Effective communication?

The process of sending a message in such a way that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the message intended.

2nd Step?

Transmitted through the appropriate channel or medium. Common channels in organizations include meetings, email or text messages, memos, letters, reports, and telephone calls.