Chapter ! PSY-!!0
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
-0.5
Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation?
-0.9
In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.
Five Factor
Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
Francis Cecil Sumner
Which of the following does not influence perception?
Gestalt
________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants.
Institutional Review Board
Twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. What is the most likely outcome to be observed in their behavior as they grow up?
It is not possible to determine the twins' behaviors based on having this single gene.
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
John Watson
Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?
Male bias exists in science.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Humanism focuses on the potential of all people for evil.
The word "evil" should be changed to the word "good."
What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common?
They are all examples of applied psychology.
Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?
Wernicke's area
Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
Wilhelm Wundt
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.
Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky
In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, Buss (1989) found that men value youthful appearance more than women. Why?
Youthful looks provide fertility clues.
Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.
a person's unconscious
________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
action potential
During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?
adrenal
When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait.
agreeableness
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
amygdala
________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.
attrition
The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.
between -1 and +1
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.
case studies
A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain.
computerized tomography (CT) scan
Which of the following imaging techniques does not collect information about brain functioning?
computerized tomography (CT) scan
________ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.
confirmation bias
When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.
conscientiousness
Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?
counseling psychology
The ________ variable measures effects of the independent variable.
dependent
________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.
dopamine
When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.
extroversion
Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
forensic
Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain?
frontal
Peer reviewers ________.
help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings
The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.
hormones
Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________.
human; obtaining informed consent
Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?
hypothalamus
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
hypothalamus
Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.
industrial-organizational
The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.
membrane potential
The ________ is located deep within the brain, and it includes structures such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.
midbrain
A negative correlation means ________.
one variable decreases as the other increases
People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.
only the right visual field
I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.
operant conditioning
Which of the following is not a forebrain structure?
pons
Drs. Goran and Lieberman are interested in assessing differences in pain threshold between men and women. They recruit male and female participants to a study that assesses tolerance for thermal pain. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.
quasi-experimental
Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.
replication
Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.
retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author
________ are the most commonly used species for animal research.
rodents
Psychology refers to the ________.
scientific study of the mind
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.
spinal cord
________ can be used to assess ________.
statistical analyses; reliability
Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
substantia nigra; dopamine
Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.
the mind and behavior
Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.
the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population
A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.
theory
A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s).
two
A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.
undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration
________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.
validity
Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?
whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions