Chapter S4

How many quarks are Protons and neutrons are each composed of

3

What else always happens when an electron is produced from energy in a particle accelerator?

A positron is produced

Brown dwarfs do not collapse due to ____ A. Electron Degeneracy Pressure B. Gravitational Equilibrium C. Gravitational Contraction D. Thermal Radiation

A.

Why is there a limit to how much compression can be counterbalances b electron degeneracy pressure?

At extreme compression, the electron speeds approach the speed of light and therefore cannot increase further.

Electromagnetism is transmitted by ___ A. Electrons B. Neutrons C. Photons

C

True/False: A proton is considered a fundamental particle

False

Weakest force (across short distances)

Gravity

Following are the four fundamental forces. Rank these forces from left to right based on their relative strengths between two protons located within the nucleus of an atom, from weakest to strongest.

Gravity; weak; electromagnetism; strong

What do we mean by the spin of a subatomic particle?

It is one of the basic properties of any particle, and is a measure of the particle's angular momentum.

Which of the following best explains the hypothesized phenomenon of black hole evaporation?

Particles (or anti-particles) are created by a quantum mechanical effect near, but outside, the event horizon of a black hole. The law of conservation of energy maintains that the black hole must lose energy to "pay" for the creation of this mass.

Allows for electrons to transport from one place to another without passing the space in between

Quantum Tunneling

Which force holds nuclei together

Strong force

What does the exclusion principle say?

Two fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state at the same time.

The more you know about the exact location of a electron, the less you know about its ___

Velocity

Following are the four fundamental forces. Rank these forces from left to right based on their relative strengths between two protons separated by a few centimeters, from weakest to strongest. If you think two (or more) forces have equal strength (or essentially zero strength) in this case, show the equality by dragging one on top of the other(s).

Weak and Strong (on top of each other) are weakest, then Gravity, then Electromagnetism (strongest)

Governs nuclear fission and radioactive decay

Weak force

Rank the four fundamental forces from weakest to strongest outside a nucleus

Weak, strong, Electromagnetism, Gravity

Which objects does degeneracy press operate in?

brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, and neutron stars

The ___ is consistent with the notion that two electrons cannot exist in the same place at the same time.

exclusion principle

Based on their spin, all particles fall into one of the following categories.

fermions and bosons

Neutron stars do not collapse into black hole because they are supported against the crush of gravity by _____

neutron degeneracy pressure

The location, momentum, and spin of a proton are part of what we call the proton's ____

quantum state

Hydrogen nuclei in the core of the Sun can fuse together thanks to the process we call ____

quantum tunneling

The four fundamental forces are:

strong force, weak force, electromagnetism, gravity

What is the primary topic of study in quantum mechanics?

subatomic particles and the forces with which they interact