Chapter Six: Other Sensory Systems Pt.1

Chester commented that the color of a particular sound was red. Chester may be experiencing ____________.

Synesthesia

An ear piercing is typically placed in the _________.

Tympanic membrane

Each taste receptor lasts _______.

about 10 to 14 days

What is a dermatome?

an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve

According to the frequency theory, the ____.

basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency

Most theories believe that , from an evolutionary point of view, the first sensory system was ________.

chemical

The emotional aspect activates the ____.

cingulate cortex

The basilar membrane is part of the _____.

cochlea in the inner ear

Reduced response to one taste after exposure to another is referred to as ____.​

cross-adaptation

Studies with placebos and studies using hypnotism suggest that much of the reduction in pain is the result of decreased activation in the ____.​

emotion areas of the brain

Which quality of a sound wave corresponds to the number of compressions per second?

frequency

Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea cause ____.

hair cells to displace

Itch is the result of _____.

histamine release

A sound shadow refers to ____.

how much louder a high frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound

What is the major problem for the frequency theory of sound perception?

it requires that neurons sometimes fire more rapidly than they are able to

Mae adjusted the amplitude of her radio, thus adjusting what she perceived as the _____.

loudness

The ossicles include the_______.

malleus, incus, stapes

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a set of receptors located ________.

near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors

Taste nerves initially project to the ______.

nucleus of the tractus solitarius

In terms of its causes, tinnitus may be similar to _______.

phantom limb experiences

Many women living in a college dormitory will gradually begin to synchronize their menstrual cycles. The research indicates that this is, at least in part, based on ____.​

pheromones

Damage to the superior temporal cortex is associated with _____.

problems detecting the source of a sound that is moving

Ibuprofen and similar drugs reduce pain by _________.

reducing the release of chemicals from damaged tissues

Taste perception in the brain depends on ____.​

relative activity of different taste neurons

Taste receptors are modified _________.

skin cells

Timing differences can be used most accurately for localizing ____.​

sudden-onset sounds

An acceleration of the head at any angle causes _________.

the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells

The eardrum vibrates at ________.

the same frequency as the sound waves that hit it

Which ability would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses?

visually tracking an object while dancing

We can identify a wide variety of bitter substances because ________.

we have many different bitter receptors

From an evolutionary point of view, humans have a sense of taste so that ________.

we know what to eat and what to spit out