Chapter Six Quiz

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

vicarious punishment

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?

Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

John wants to train his daughter to excuse herself before she leaves the table. Although he does not know how often he will reward her for excusing herself, he does know that he will not reward her every time she excuses herself. Which reinforcement schedule is John planning to use?

partial

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.

acquisition

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

extinction

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

increases

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

instincts

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

primary

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

punishment

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus