chapter16

breast milk ; breast milk ; solid foods

1st 6 months of life are based on the average intakes of healthy, full-term infants fed ______. 2nd 6 months of life, recommendations reflect typical intakes from ________and _______.

12

A baby's brain is about ______ percent of its body weight.

doubles ; triples

A healthy infants birth-weight ____ by about 5 months of age and _______by 1 year.

Lactadherin

A protein in breast milk that attacks diarrhea-causing viruses.

Breast Milk Banks

A service that collects, screens, processes, and distributes donated human milk.

Vitamin D

All vitamins, with the exception of ______, are ample in breast milk.

Protein ; breastmilk

Alpha-lactalbumin is a major _______ in ______.

4 ; 6

An infant can begin eating solid foods between __ and __ months.

length ; 10 inches

An infant's _______ changes more slowly than weight, increasing about ________ from birth to 1 year.

double

An infant's needs for most nutrients, in proportion to body weight, are more than _____ those of an adult.

Lactoferrin

An iron-binding protein, __________, keeps bacteria from getting the iron they need to grow, helps absorb iron in the infant's intestinal cells, and kills some bacteria directly.

T

Breast milk contains ideal calcium content for infant bone growth, and is well absorbed. T of F

Low

Breast milk is ____ in sodium.

Cardiovascular

Breast milk may offer protection against development of __________ disease in adulthood.

Allergies

Breastfeeding may offer protection against the development of _____, especially among infants with a family history of such.

intelligence

Breastfeeding may positively affect ________ but studies are still being done to prove it.

12

Breastfeeding with complementary foods is ideal for ________months.

Immunity

Colostrum helps protect the newborn from infections against which the mother has developed _______.

T

Commercial baby foods offer a wide variety of palatable, nutritious foods in a safe and convenient form. Homemade infant foods can be as nutritious as commercially prepared ones, so long the cook minimizes nutrient losses during prep. T or F

lower ; lower

Compared to formula-fed infants, breastfed infants have _______ blood pressure and _____ blood cholesterol as adults.

intestinal bleeding

Cow's milk during the first 6 months of life may cause ________ which can lead to iron deficiency.

higher ; lower

Cow's milk is _____ in calcium and _____ in vitamin C compared to breast milk

iron

Cow's milk is a poor source of ____.

Carbohydrate

Disaccharide Lactose in the main __________ found in breast milk.

Colostrum

During the first 2 to 3 days of life, the breasts produce ______, a pre-milk substance containing mostly serum with antibodies and white blood cells.

6

Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal for ______ months.

Nursing bottle tooth decay

Extensive tooth decay due to prolonged tooth contact with formula, milk, fruit juice, or other carb-rich liquid offered to an infant in a bottle.

Bifidus Factors

Factors in colostrum and breast milk that favor the growth of the "friendly" bacterium in the infant's intestinal tract, so that other, less desirable intestinal bacteria will not flourish.

Folate

Goat milk is lacking is ____ and therefore not an appropriate product for infants.

kidneys

Higher protein concentration in cow's milk can cause stress to infant's ______.

Half

In one study, exclusively breastfeeding an infant for the first month reduced the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) by _____ compared to never breastfeeding.

breast milk

Infant formulas are composed to most reassemble _______.

F

Infant formulas contains protective antibodies. T or F

easily ; calcium

Lactose is ______ digested and enhances _____ absorption.

8-12

Newborn babies typically require __ to __ feedings a day.

fat-soluble vitamins ; calcium ; iron; zinc

Preterm infants often suffer from deficiencies of ______,____,____,_____.

Overload

Protein ________ can lead to acidosis, dehydration, diarrhea, elevated blood ammonia, elevated blood urea, and fever.

the infant has not fully developed the ability to chew, swallow, and digest.

Solid foods introduced before 4 months of age is cautioned against because...

they have no nutrients to support growth and the extra food can promote obesity.

Sweets should not be in an infants diet because...

Extracelluar ; dehydration

Water in essential for infants because most of an infant's body water is _________ which causes __________.

iron ; vitamin D ; fluoride

____, _______, and _____ supplements may be prescribed to breastfeeding mothers.

Iron ; Zinc

_____ and _____ are minerals found in breast milk that have high bioavailability.

Lead

_____ poisoning infants is mostly due to contaminated water in preparing infant formula.

Protein

______ is the basic building blocks of the body's tissue. Inadequate intake can limit brain function, weaken immune defenses, and disrupt digestion and absorption.

Oligosaccharides

___________ help protect infant from infections by preventing the binding of pathogens to the infant's intestinal cells.