Chapter#5 The Integumentary System

The skin consists of ____ region(s). A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

B)2

What is a scar composed of? A)Epithelium B)Blood clot C)Collagen fibers D)Areolar tissue

C)Collagen fibers

Severe burns result in A)fluid loss. B)heat loss. C)bacterial infection. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which layer of the epidermis protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin? A)Stratum basale B)Hypodermis C)Stratum corneum D)Stratum lucidum

D)Stratum lucidum

Hair is normally found on all parts of the human body. True False

False

The ABCDE rule is used to determine the skin area involved in a burn. True or False

False: ABCDE rule is used to determine signs of melanoma skin cancer.

The number of melanocytes in a person's skin determines how dark their skin tone will be. True false

False: All people have about the same number of melanocytes. Among other things, skin color is due to the amount and color of melanin produced.

Another name for hives is psoriasis. True False

False: Another name for hives is urticaria.

An adult with third-degree burns over 15% of their body would NOT be considered critical. True False False

False: adult with third-degree burns over 10% or more of their body would be considered critical.

The dermal papillae,found in the hypodermis,create the unique fingerprints of individuals. True False

False: dermal papillae,found in the papillary layer of the dermis,create the unique fingerprints of individuals.

Distinguish between the stratum basale and the stratum corneum regarding structure and function. Essay

The stratum basale,the lowest layer of the epidermis,lies just above the dermis and contains basal cells that are constantly dividing.The new cells are pushed away from the dermis,accumulate the protein keratin and then die as they move away from the blood vessels of the dermis.These dead,flat,hard,waterproof cells form the stratum corneum,the surface layer of the epidermis.

Exposure to sunlight is the most common cause of skin cancer. True False

True

Describe how the skin functions to promote bone development and maintenance. D.The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into the hormone calcitriol.Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus,two substances required for the formation of bone matrix.

When skin cells are exposed to UV radiation a precursor molecule in the cells is converted into vitamin D.The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into the hormone calcitriol.Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus,two substances required for the formation of bone matrix.

The nails, hair follicles and glands of the dermis are classified as ______ of skin. accessory structures primary structures layers

accessory structures

New epidermal cells are formed by the cells found in the epidermal layer called the ____________ ______________ .

stratum basale

Older persons are more likely to feel cold because the dermis becomes thinner. True False

False: persons are more likely to feel cold because the hypodermis becomes thinner (less adipose tissue).

The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for waterproofing and toughening the skin is _______.

keratin

The most abundant cell of the epidermis that produces and stores keratin is a ________________.

keratinocytes

The pigment that absorbs ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, protecting the body from the harmful effects of UV radiation, is__________

melanin

Specialized cells in the epidermis called ______, produce melanin. stem cells Merkel cells keratinocytes melanocytes follicles

melanocytes

Melanin is the: pigment produced in keratinocytes primary determinant of skin color pigment that accumulates to produce white patches in the skin dark pigment produced by melanocytes protein that helps to prevent water loss in the skin

primary determinant of skin color dark pigment produced by melanocytes

Select all of these that are components of the integumentary system. sebaceous and sweat glands hair and nails the pancreas and large intestine the stomach and liver the skin

sebaceous and sweat glands hair and nails the skin

Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer? A)Basal cell carcinoma B)Squamous cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Kaposi's sarcoma

A)Basal cell carcinoma

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation as seen in a skin injury? A)Cold B)Swelling C)Redness D)Pain

A)Cold

Which of the following is NOT a cause of skin wrinkles? A)Decrease in the number of hair follicles B)Less padding from the hypodermis C)Loose epidermis D)Fewer and less organized dermal fibers

A)Decrease in the number of hair follicles

Which of the following allows movement of muscles and joints and maintains normal skin tension? A)Elastic fibers B)Collagen fibers C)Sensory fibers D)Dermal papillae

A)Elastic fibers

What condition is described by high temperature,low blood pressure,and loss of salts due to profuse sweating? A)Heat exhaustion B)Heat stroke C)Fever D)Hypothermia

A)Heat exhaustion

What type of skin cancer is seen most often in patients with AIDS? A)Kaposi's sarcoma B)Basal cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Squamous cell carcinoma

A)Kaposi's sarcoma

What type of gland is associated with hair follicles? A)Sebaceous glands B)Apocrine sweat glands C)Eccrine sweat glands D)Ceruminous glands

A)Sebaceous glands

Impetigo is A)a bacterial infection resulting in crusty pustules. B)caused by over keratinization. C)overactive cell division. D)a fungal infection.

A)a bacterial infection resulting in crusty pustules.

The inability to produce the pigment melanin is called A)albinism. B)cyanosis. C)decubitus. D)alopecia.

A)albinism.

The epidermis only is damaged from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree burn. D)fourth-degree burn.

A)first-degree burn.

A condition described by excessive body and facial hair in women is A)hirsutism. B)decubitus ulcer. C)scabies. D)alopecia.

A)hirsutism.

The ___________ contains adipose tissue,while the ___________ contains melanocytes. A)hypodermis,epidermis B)epidermis,dermis C)skin,hypodermis D)stratum basale,stratum corneum

A)hypodermis,epidermis

Flexion creases in the skin are due to the A)hypodermis. B)epidermis. C)cutaneous membrane. D)dermis.

A)hypodermis.

Poorly oxygenated blood in the dermis will cause an individual to A)turn cyanotic. B)blush. C)have pallor. D)be pinkish.

A)turn cyanotic

In the ABCDE rule for melanoma,"B" stands for A)borders that are even. B)borders that are irregular. C)burning feeling. D)bright colors.

B)borders that are irregular.

Dandruff is A)a viral infection of the scalp. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)a fungal infection of the scalp.

B)caused by over keratinization.

Continuous pressure that reduces blood supply to the skin can result in a(n) A)urticariA. B)decubitus ulcer. C)hirsutism. D)callus.

B)decubitus ulcer.

Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the A)epidermis. B)dermis. C)hypodermis. D)dermis and hypodermis.

B)dermis.

Vitamin D is needed by the body to A)form keratin. B)move calcium and phosphorus into the bones. C)make blood cells. D)help the skin tan.

B)move calcium and phosphorus into the bones.

Reduced blood flow into the dermis will cause A)cyanosis. B)pallor. C)blushing. D)jaundice.

B)pallor.

The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree burn. D)fourth-degree burn.

B)second-degree burn.

Which would NOT occur when the body temperature is too low? A)Involuntary muscle contraction B)Dermal blood vessel dilation C)Sweat production D)Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur.

D)Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur.

What is the function of Langerhans cells? A)Water-proofing B)UV protection C)Register pain D)Phagocytize microbes

D)Phagocytize microbes

What percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned their left arm,front of the trunk,and the front of their left leg? A)45% B)40.5% C)36% D)31.5%

C)36%

What occurs when the body's temperature regulatory mechanism is overcome? A)Hypothermia B)Hyperthermia C)Either hypothermia or hyperthermia

C)Either hypothermia or hyperthermia

What is NOT a function of fibroblasts in wound healing? A)Bring about scar formation B)Promote tissue regeneration C)Fight infections D)Pull the margins of wound together

C)Fight infections

Which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? A)Basal cell carcinoma B)Squamous cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

C)Melanoma

Which of the following types of cells are NOT found in the epidermis? A)Squamous epithelial cells B)Langerhans cells C)Red blood cells D)Melanocytes

C)Red blood cells

Which of the following is NOT an aging effect of the skin? A)The skin wrinkles. B)The hair turns gray. C)The amount of adipose tissue increases. D)There are fewer sweat glands.

C)The amount of adipose tissue increases.

Which of the following is NOT a protective function of the skin? A)Melanocytes protect from UV radiation. B)As a covering,it keeps pathogens out. C)The oily secretions allow bacteria to grow. D)Langerhans cells phagocytize pathogens.

C)The oily secretions allow bacteria to grow.

What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin? A)They obtain more nutrients. B)They divide more. C)They die. D)They become dermal cells.

C)They die.

What is needed to produce vitamin D? A)Calcium B)Phosphorus C)Ultraviolet light D)Calcium and phosphorus

C)Ultraviolet light

A person with no color in their skin,hair,and eyes has A)been exposed to the sun. B)a circulatory disorder. C)a genetic disorder. D)a nervous disorder.

C)a genetic disorder.

An inflammation of sebaceous glands that occurs during adolescence is A)impetigo. B)psoriasis. C)acne vulgaris. D)decubitus ulcer.

C)acne vulgaris.

Eczema is A)a bacterial infection. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)caused by overactive cell division giving silvery scales.

C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals.

The epidermis and dermis make up the A)serous membrane. B)subcutaneous membrane. C)integument. D)hypodermis.

C)integument.

The area of rapidly dividing cells in the nail base is the A)cuticle. B)nail bed. C)lunula. D)follicle.

C)lunula.

Pain is rarely felt from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree or fourth-degree burn. D)sunburn.

C)third-degree or fourth-degree burn.

Merkel's cells detect sensations of A)pain. B)deep pressure. C)touch. D)temperature.

C)touch.

Adipose tissue A)is for insulation. B)gives a rounded appearance to the body. C)in excess results in obesity. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Melanin A)is a pigment. B)protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. C)is located in the epidermis. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The arrector pili muscle A)is a smooth muscle. B)causes hair to "stand on end." C)contracts when cold,forming goose bumps. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The epidermis A)is the outer layer of skin. B)consists of stratified squamous epithelial cells. C)contains melanocytes. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What is responsible for skin color? A)Carotene B)Melanin C)Hemoglobin D)All apply.

D)All apply.

In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing? A)Stratum corneum B)Stratum lucidum C)Stratum dermis D)Stratum basale

D)Stratum basale

Athlete's foot is A)a bacterial infection. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)a fungal infection.

D)a fungal infection.

The dermis is composed of A)stratified squamous epithelium. B)pseudostratified columnar epithelium. C)loose connective tissue. D)dense irregular connective tissue.

D)dense irregular connective tissue.

What is the function of a blood clot? A)Prevents blood loss B)Prevents toxins from entering other tissues C)Prevents pathogens from entering other tissue D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which consists of keratinized cells? A)Hair B)Nails C)Stratum corneum D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which is true of the skin? A)It is waterproof. B)It prevents water loss. C)It prevents water from entering when immersed. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a function of the skin? A)Protection B)Sensory reception C)Synthesis of vitamin D D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which type(s)of skin gland(s)become(s)active with puberty? A)Sebaceous gland B)Apocrine sweat gland C)Eccrine sweat gland D)Both sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands.

D)Both sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands.

What can give skin a yellowish hue? A)Hemoglobin B)Melanin C)Keratin D)Carotene

D)Carotene

What type of skin gland secretes earwax? A)Sebaceous gland B)Eccrine sweat gland C)Apocrine sweat gland D)Ceruminous gland

D)Ceruminous gland

Nutrient and oxygen supply for the epidermis comes from blood vessels located in the_________ layer of the skin.

Dermis

What layer of the skin contains collagen fibers, glands, blood vessels, and sensory receptors? Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Dermis

Where are the blood vessels that supply the epidermis with nutrients and oxygen located? Dermis Epidermis Hypodermis

Dermis

Which of these is an inflammatory skin disorder caused by sensitivity to chemicals, heat or dryness? Impetigo Eczema Candidiasis Urticaria

Eczema

Which layer of the skin lacks blood vessels? Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Epidermis

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect against UV damage? The skin is naturally protected by the production of a yellowish pigment called carotene. In the presence of sunlight, hemoglobin circulation increases in order to form a protective barrier. Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

The epidermis is very vascular. True False

False: epidermis is avascular.

What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of? Dense connective tissue Areolar connective tissue Stratified squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Describe how sweat cools the body and explain why sitting in front of a fan cools the body more rapidly.

Sweat absorbs body heat and the evaporation of sweat carries the heat away.Sitting in front of a fan increases the rate of sweat evaporation.

The stratum basale is supplied with sensory nerves to detect pain,temperature,and touch. True False

True

The integumentary system works with the muscular system to maintain body temperature. True false

True: Both systems play roles in temperature regulation, e.g., muscle contraction produces heat, and activation of sweat glands in the skin help to reduce heat.

The most dangerous skin cancer is cancer of the melanocyte. True false

True: Melanomas are the most dangerous skin cancers and these cancers arise from melanocytes.

Which type of gland opens into hair follicles and secretes sweat after puberty? A)Sebaceous glands B)Apocrine sweat glands C)Eccrine sweat glands D)Ceruminous glands

B)Apocrine sweat glands

Along with sweat glands,what actively regulates body temperature? A)Adipose tissue B)Blood vessels C)Sebaceous glands D)All apply.

B)Blood vessels

Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching and gives it strength? A)Melanin B)Collagen fibers C)Adipose tissue D)Elastic fibers

B)Collagen fibers

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels AND nerve fibers? A)Epidermis B)Dermis C)Epidermis and dermis

B)Dermis

In the ABCDE rule for melanoma,which of the following is NOT a warning sign? A)Uneven coloration B)Diameter greater than 3mm C)Perfectly round D)Changing size,shape,and elevation

B)Diameter greater than 3mm

Which of the following is NOT another name for the skin? A)Integument B)Serous membrane C)Cutaneous membrane D)All apply.

B)Serous membrane

Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface? A)Stratum lucidum B)Stratum corneum C)Dermis D)Stratum basale

B)Stratum corneum

What type of skin gland secretes sweat? A)Sebaceous gland B)Sudoriferous gland C)Ceruminous gland D)Mammary gland

B)Sudoriferous gland

Keratin is A)a pigment. B)a waterproof protein. C)located in the hypodermis. D)All apply.

B)a waterproof protein.

A lowered body temperature is a condition called ,_______ while an increased body temperature, sometimes associated with a fever, is a condition called __________.

Blank 1: hypothermia Blank 2: hyperthermia

Problems with aging skin can include dry, itchy, cracked skin from decreased ________ , production and gray hair from a decrease in______ production.

Blank 1: sebum Blank 2: melanin

Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.

Blood vessels in the dermis can constrict to receive less blood and conserve heat or dilate to receive more blood and allow heat to radiate away from the body.Sweat glands remain inactive or secrete sweat.Sweat carries heat away from the body as it evaporates

Which of the following are changes that occur in the skin as it ages? Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles Decrease in melanocytes Increase in sebum production Decrease in subcutaneous fat Increase in body hair

Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles Decrease in melanocytes Decrease in subcutaneous fat

Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns.Which one would possibly require skin grafting? Essay First-degree burns affect only the epidermis,causing redness and pain.Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin,and would possibly need skin grafting.

First-degree burns affect only the epidermis,causing redness and pain.Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin,and would possibly need skin grafting.

Select all of these that are accessory structures of the skin. Stratum basale Hairs Glands Moles Nails

Hairs Glands Nails

Identify parts of the human body that are covered with hair. Penis Head Palms of the hands Back Lips

Head Back

The skin and its associated structures form the_________ system.

Integumentary

Choose all of the ways that skin works with other organ systems to help maintain homeostasis. Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone Assist kidneys in regulating water balance Provides sensory information to the nervous system Helps skeletal system maintain temperature

Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone Assist kidneys in regulating water balance Provides sensory information to the nervous system

Identify the common symptoms of heat exhaustion: Profuse sweating Electrolyte imbalance Low blood pressure Lower than normal body temperature

Profuse sweating Electrolyte imbalance Low blood pressure

Select all of these that are functions of the dermis. Provide sensory information Protect the body from water loss Anchor the epidermis Provide nutrients to the epidermis

Provide sensory information Anchor the epidermis Provide nutrients to the epidermis

Describe the effects that long-term exposure to the sun may have on the skin.

The exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes dividing skin cells to become cancerous.UV radiation also causes aging changes such as rough skin,mottled pigmentation,fine lines and wrinkles,deep furrows,and benign skin growths.

Many age-related changes to the skin appear to be due to sun damage. True False

True

The blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with oxygen and nutrients. True False

True

The skin aids the urinary system by excreting water and small amounts of other wastes through perspiration. True False

True

The skin is both an organ and an organ system. True False

True

The innermost, or deepest, layer of cells of the epidermis is called the stratum______________.

basale

The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is located directly: beneath the epidermis above the epidermis beneath the dermis above the dermis

beneath the dermis

Scar tissue provides strength to a wound as it consists of: collagen fibers elastic fibers keratin melanin

collagen fibers

Within the skin, the _________ is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

epidermis

As cells of the epidermis move from the stratum basale towards the stratum corneum of the skin: they accumulate deposits of keratin they get closer to their supply of nutrients they begin to die they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis

they accumulate deposits of keratin they begin to die they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis

The cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed towards the surface of the skin because: they are shed from the skin surface they are killed by pathogens they fill with melanin they are too far from their nutrient supply

they are too far from their nutrient supply