Chapters 4-7 all level 2 questions/multiple choice.
True or false: For vectors, the order of addition is important.
false
Newton's law of universal gravitation explains the path of what?
A planet moving around the sun
What is dynamics?
Dynamics is the study of forces and their effect on motion.
What is the point furthest away from the sun
aphelion
_____ is the effectiveness of a force to change the rotational speed of an object and is represented by the greek letter _______
torque, tau
Would it be better to have a high coefficient of friction on a track race or ice skating rink?
track race because it would be easier to push of the ground and create more static friction to push you forward.
A book placed on a balance scale is balanced by a standard 1-kg iron weight placed on the opposite side of the balance. True or false: If these objects are taken to the moon and a similar exercise is performed, the balance is still level because gravity is uniform on the moon's surface as it is on Earth's surface.
true
A rocket is launched into deep space and escapes Earth's gravitational pull and the Sun's gravitational pull. True or false: It will continue to travel in a straight line until it is acted on by another force.
true
According to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, a satellite increases its speed as it approaches its parent body and decreases its speed as it moves away from the parent body. True or false?
true
Which of the following are vector quantities? Choose all that apply. Torque Angular velocity Angular acceleration Angular position
twerk, angular velocity, and angular acceleration
A 2d vector can be expressed as the __________ of its x and y _____________?
vector sum, components
Acceleration is the rate at which _______ changes?
velocity
Which variable must be equal to zero when a projectile is at its maximum height?
velocity in the y direction
The force of gravity between Earth and an object on/near its surface is called the ____ of the object.
weight
If a pendulum is displaced by an angle θ, what is the net restoring force it experiences?
-mg sin θ
when is y directly proportional to x?(one answer) y=x^2 y=5x every time x doubles y doubles every time x increases by 1 y increases by 1 y=2x-3 y=12/x
. every time x doubles y doubles
Consider a CD spinning clockwise. What is the sum of the instantaneous velocities of two points on both ends of its diameter?
0
What is the net external force on an object falling at its terminal velocity?
0
Consider six vectors of exactly 2 cm each, joined from head to tail to make a hexagon. What would be the magnitude of the addition of these vectors?
0 cm
What is the angle formed between the vectors of centripetal acceleration and centripetal force?
0 degrees
What is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration of an object in projectile motion?
0 m/s^2
Two vectors are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. What is the magnitude of their resultant vector?
0 😈
Up to approximately what angle is simple harmonic motion a good model for a pendulum?
15 degrees
How many radians in 360 degrees?
2pi
A projectile is to be launched from ground level. What is the optimum angle at which the projectile should be launched in order to cover the maximum distance?
45 degrees
What is the magnitude of the vertical acceleration of an object in projectile motion?
9.80 m/s^2
What is the angle between the x- and y-components of a vector?
90 degrees
What is the angle formed between the vectors of tangential velocity and centripetal force?
90 degrees
Two people push a box on a horizontal surface by applying horizontal forces F1 and F2 in the same direction. How does the magnitude of the net force compare to F1+F2? Fnet (<,>,=) F1+F2 because the net force will ______ the frictional force
<, include
What is newtons first law? what is another name for it?
A body at rest tends to remain at rest and a body in motion tends to remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.. the law of inertia.
What is a component of a two dimensional vector?
A component is a piece of a vector that points in either the x or y direction.
How or why does a pendulum oscillate?
A pendulum oscillates due to restoring force arising from gravity
Vectors A and B are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. When subtracting A − B, the resultant vector has the same direction as vector ___________ and has ___________ the magnitude of each original vector.
A, double
A helicopter pushes air down, which, in turn, pushes the helicopter up. Which of those force affects the helicopter's motion? Why?
Air pushing upward affects the helicopter's motion because it is an external force that acts on the helicopter.
Which of the following are correct wordings of Newton's Third Law? Choose all that apply. Objects always experience forces in pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. When one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that it exerts. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Whenever A applies a force to B, B applies a force to A with equal magnitude and opposite direction.
All of the above
The orbits of satellites are elliptical. What is an ellipse?
An ellipse is a closed curve wherein the sum of the distance from the foci to any point on the curve is constant.
From the equation for Newton's second law, we see that "Fnet" is directly proportional to "a" and that the constant of proportionality is "m". What does this mean in a practical sense?
An increase in applied force will cause an increase in acceleration if the mass is constant.
Between the analytical and graphical methods of vector additions, which is more accurate? Why?
Analytical because graphing is limited to the skill of the grapher.
What is angular acceleration?
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of the angular velocity.
What is the rotational analog of linear velocity?
Angular velocity
What is angular velocity?
Angular velocity is the rate of change of the angle subtended by the circular path.
put in order each rotational analogue to its linear variable velocity force acceleration distance optioons: angular acceleration, angular velocity, rotation angle, torque
Angular velocity, tourque, angular acceleration, rotational angle
Horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile are independent of each other. What is meant by this?
Any object in projectile motion falls at the same rate as an object in freefall, regardless of its horizontal velocity.
For an object in simple harmonic motion, when does the maximum speed occur?
At the equilibrium position
The resultant vector of the addition of vectors A and B is R. The magnitudes of vectors A, B, and R are A, B, and R, respectively. Which of the following is true. Ax+Bx=Rx Ax+Ay=A Ax+By=Bx+Ay Rx+Ry=0
Ax+Bx=Rx
How can we express the x- and y- components of a vector with magnitude A and angle θ measured relative to horizontal?
Ax=Acosθ and Ay=Asinθ
How can we express the x- and y- components of a vector with magnitude A and angle θ measured relative to vertical?
Ax=Asinθ and Ay=Acosθ
Why does the string, pins, and pencil method work for drawing an ellipse?
Because the perimeter of the triangle remains constant as you are drawing the ellipse
Comets have very elongated elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. Using Kepler's law, why does a comet travel much faster near the sun than it does at the other end of the orbit?
Because the satellite sweeps out equal areas in equal times
Considering Newton's third law, why don't two equal and opposite forces cancel out each other?
Because the two forces act on different systems
How can one find the resultant vector using the head-to-tail method?
By drawing an arrow from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last
What is meant by the word centripetal?
Center seeking
Why do we experience more sideways acceleration while driving around sharper curves?
Centripetal acceleration is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature, so it increases as the radius of curvature decreases.
Which quantity is NOT described by the kinematics of rotational motion?
Centripetal force
What is circular motion?
Circular motion is the motion of an object when it follows a circular path.
Which of the following are action/reaction pairs? Choose all that apply. A soccer player kicks a ball to a teammate, who then kicks the ball back. A girl leans against a wall and the wall applies a normal force to the girl. Gravity pulls an object down, and a normal force pushes the object up. A baseball hits a glove and the glove pushes on the ball. A cat rubs up against a tree and the tree pushes against the cat. A boy pushes his brother, and the brother falls into their sister. A boy pushes on a door and the door swings open.
Correct answer: A baseball hits a glove and the glove pushes on the ball. Correct answer: A cat rubs up against a tree and the tree pushes against the cat. Correct answer: A girl leans against a wall and the wall applies a normal force to the girl.
Which of the following are parts of Newton's Second Law? Choose all that apply. An object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied to the object. An object's acceleration is inversely proportional to the object's mass. An object's acceleration is inversely proportional to the net force applied to the object. An object's acceleration is directly proportional to the object's mass.
Correct answer: An object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied to the object. Correct answer: An object's acceleration is inversely proportional to the object's mass.
What is the force experienced by a projectile after the initial force that launched it into the air in the absence of air resistance?
Correct answer: Gravitational force
Which statements describe projectile motion? Choose all that apply. Projectile motion involves only vertical motion. Projectile motion involves only horizontal motion. The vertical motion of a projectile is dependent on its horizontal motion. Projectile motion is a combination of horizontal and vertical motion. The horizontal motion of a projectile is dependent on its vertical motion. The horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile are independent of each other.
Correct answer: Projectile motion is a combination of horizontal and vertical motion. Correct answer: The horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile are independent of each other.
Which of the following statements are true? Choose all that apply. Mass depends on weight. Mass is equivalent to inertia. Weight is equivalent to inertia. Mass is equivalent to force of gravity. Weight depends on mass. Mass is equivalent to weight. Weight is equivalent to force of gravity.
Correct answers: Weight is equivalent to the force of gravity Mass is equivalent to inertia Weight depends on mass
If a pendulum from Earth is taken to the moon, will its frequency increase or decrease?
Decrease
What is a deformation
Deformation is the change in shape due to an application of force
What is the net external force on an object in freefall on Earth if you were to neglect the effect of air?
Downwards with a magnitude of mg
Which forces affect the motion of a system?
External forces
Which forces can be represented in a free-body diagram?
External forces.
A large truck with mass 30m crashes into a small sedan with mass m. If the truck exerts a force F on the sedan, what force will the sedan exert on the truck?
F
One object exerts a force of magnitude F1 on another object and experiences a force of magnitude F2 in return. What is true for F1 and F2?
F1=F2
How can you express centripetal force in terms of centripetal acceleration?
Fc=ma(subscript c)
On the Physics Reference Sheet, the formula for friction is listed as: Ff≤Fn(MU) What are the two separate formulas for static and kinetic friction?
Ffk=Fn(MUk) Ffs≤Fn(MUs)
An object is at rest on an inclined plane, and no other object makes contact with the object. What force will be equal in magnitude to the normal force acting on the object?
Fgy or The component of the object's weight perpendicular to the plane.
When an object sits on an inclined plane that makes an angle θ with the horizontal, what are the expressions for the components of the object's weight force?
Fgy=mgcosθ and Fgx=mgsinθ
what is the mathematical statement for Newton's second law of motion?
Fnet = ma
How can you say that no force is acting on an object
Fnet=0
Newtons second law can be expressed as
Fnet=ma
According to Hooke's law, what is deformation proportional to?
Force
What is a physical quantity that can be described by dynamics but not by kinematics?
Force
What kind of physical quantity is force?
Force is a vector quantity.
What is the restoring force?
Force that brings an object back to its equilibrium position
The SI units for a _______, or a push or pull, are newtons represented by ____
Force, N
What is friction?
Friction is an external force that opposes the relative motion of an object.
What variable is used to represent 6.674*10^-11
G
State the law of universal gravitation.
Gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
On which postulate did Einstein base the theory of general relativity?
Gravity and acceleration have the same effect and cannot be distinguished from each other.
Which of the following are action/reaction pairs, in accordance with Newton's Third Law? Choose all that apply. Gwen gives Karina a high-five while Karina gives Gwen a high-five. Abby leans against Barbara, causing Barbara to lean against Christina. In a game of tug-of-war, the red team pulls the rope to the east while the blue team pulls the rope to the west. Gravity pulls a raindrop down, and drag force pushes it up, so that it falls at a constant velocity. A foot stomps on the floor, and the floor stops the foot's motion. A boy pushes on a door and the door swings open. A soccer player kicks a ball to a teammate, who then kicks the ball back.
Gwen gives Karina a high-five while Karina gives Gwen a high-five.
A graph is constructed of the horizontal velocity of a projectile as a function of time. What is the shape of the graph?
Horizontal line
Why might a star on the other side of the sun appear to be in a location that is NOT its true location?
It can be explained by using the concept of the general theory of relativity.
As the angular velocity of an object increases, what happens to the linear velocity of a point on that object?
It increases because linear velocity is directly proportional to angular velocity.
Which of the following best describes torque?
It is the rotational equivalent of a force.
What is kinematics?
Kinematics is the study of motion.
What are the two varieties of friction? What does each one act upon?
Kinetic friction acts on an object in motion, while static friction acts on an object at rest.
Suppose you have an object tied to a rope and are rotating it over your head in uniform circular motion. If you increase the length of the rope, would you have to apply more or less force to maintain the same speed?
Less force is required because the force is inversely proportional to the radius of the circular orbit
What is mass? What does it depend on?
Mass is the quantity of matter contained in an object, and it depends on the number and types of atoms in the object.
Newtons second law describes a relationship between which variables?
Net force, mass, and acceleration
How are Newton's First Law and Newton's Second Law related?
Newtons first law is a special case of his second law where the net force is 0.
Do two bodies have to be in physical contact to exert a force upon one another?
No, the gravitational force is a field force and does not require physical contact to exert a force.
The _______ force is a support force that always acts perpendicularly?
Normal
An object with mass m is at rest on the floor. What is the magnitude and direction of the normal force acting on it?
Normal Force= mg upwards
Identify the locations of the foci of an elliptical orbit.
One focus is the parent body, and the other is located at the opposite end of the ellipse, at the same distance from the center as the parent body.
You are pushing a book in the positive x direction. Which of the following must be true? Choose all that apply. The book is moving in the positive x direction. The book is moving in the negative x direction. There is a kinetic friction force acting on the book. The book is in equilibrium. There is a static friction force acting on the book. None of the above are necessarily true.
Only correct answer: none of the above are necessarily true
A graph is constructed of the vertical position of a projectile as a function of time. What is the shape of the graph?
Parabolic
What is projectile motion?
Projectile motion is the motion of an object projected into the air and moving under the influence of gravity.
Why are radians dimensionless?
Radians are dimensionless because they are defined as a ratio of distances. They are defined as the ratio of the arc length to the radius of the circle.
What is Hooke's law?
Restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from the mean position and acts in the opposite direction of the displacement.
Are rockets more efficient in Earth's atmosphere or in outer space? Why?
Rockets are more efficient in outer space than in Earth's atmosphere because the air in Earth's atmosphere does not provide thrust but does create more air resistance than in outer space.
How do rockets propel themselves in space?
Rockets expel gas in the backward direction at high velocity, and the gas, which provides an external force, pushes the rocket forward.
What is the rotational analog of distance?
Rotational angle
If a book is sliding North, what is the direction of the friction force?
South
Which quantity is constant in uniform circular motion?
Speed
Two springs are attached to two hooks. Spring A has a greater force constant than spring B. Equal weights are suspended from both. Which statement is true?
Spring B will have more extension than spring A
When you walk along a floor, what force pushes you forward?
Static friction
A graph is constructed of the horizontal position of a projectile as a function of time. What is the shape of the graph?
Straight diagonal line
What is tangential velocity?
Tangential velocity is the instantaneous linear velocity of an object undergoing circular motion.
What is centripetal acceleration?
The acceleration of an object moving in a circular path and directed radially toward the center of the circular orbit
For a given object, what happens to the arc length as the angle of rotation increases?
The arc length is directly proportional to the angle of rotation, so it increases with the angle of rotation.
When the radius of the circular path of rotational motion increases, what happens to the arc length for a given angle of rotation?
The arc length is directly proportional to the radius of the circular path, and it increases with the radius.
Conventionally, for which direction of rotation of an object is angular velocity considered positive?
The counterclockwise direction
A 55-kg person stands on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. The scale reads 70 kg. What do you know about the motion of the elevator?
The elevator is accelerating upwards
Which of the following are parts are Newton's First Law? Choose all that apply. An object in motion will remain in motion with constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. The weight of an object is equal to its mass. The weight of an object is equal to its mass times gravity.
The first two
A circle is a special case of an ellipse. How is a circle different from other ellipses?
The foci of a circle are at the same point and are located at the center of the circle.
What physical characteristic of a system is its force constant related to?
The force constant, k, is related to the stiffness of a system: the larger the force constant, the stiffer the system.
A mosquito collides with the windshield of a car driving at 55 mph. Which of the following statements is true? The car hit the mosquito harder than the mosquito hit the car The mosquito hit the car harder than the car hit the mosquito They hit each other with equal force
The force that the mosquito applies to the windshield is equal to the force that the windshield applies to the mosquito.
An object is at rest. Two forces, X and Y, are acting on it. Force X has a magnitude of x and acts in the downward direction. What is the magnitude and direction of Y, given that the object starts from rest?
The magnitude is x and points in the upward direction.
Which statement explains how the masses of a satellite and its parent body must compare in order to apply Kepler's laws of planetary motion?
The mass of the parent body must be much greater than that of the satellite.
Why is there a negative sign in the equation for Hooke's law?
The negative sign indicates that the direction of the restoring force is opposite that of displacement.
A person pushes a box from left to right and then lets the box slide freely across the floor. The box slows down as it slides across the floor. In which direction does the net external force act?
The net external force acts from right to left.
What is Kepler's first law?
The orbit of a body is an ellipse with a central body at one focus point.
With reference to simple harmonic motion, what is the equilibrium position?
The position where the object rests in the absence of force
What is meant by radius of curvature when describing rotational motion?
The radius of curvature is the radius of a circular path.
Two simple harmonic oscillators are constructed by attaching identical objects to two different springs. The force constant of the spring on the left is 5 N/m and that of the spring on the right is 4 N/m. If the same force is applied to both, which statement is true? The rate of oscillation is independent of the force constant. Both the springs will oscillate at the same rate. The spring on the right will oscillate faster than the spring on the left. The spring on the left will oscillate faster than the spring on the right.
The spring on the left will oscillate faster than the spring on the right.
What is keplers third law?
The square of the orbital period of a body is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its elliptical orbit.
Given static and kinetic friction between two surfaces, which has a greater value? Why?
The static friction has a greater value because the friction between the two surfaces is less when the two surfaces are in relative motion.
Consider two spinning tops with different radii. Both have the same linear instantaneous velocities at their edges. Which top has a higher angular velocity?
The top with the smaller radius because the radius of curvature is inversely proportional to the angular velocity
Two forces acting on an object are perpendicular to one another. How would you draw these in a free-body diagram?
The two force arrows will be drawn at right angles to one another.
What is keplers second law?
The velocity of a planet varies such that equal time sweeps out equal areas.
What is the equilibrium position of a pendulum?
When the pendulum is hanging straight down
According to Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, what causes gravity?
The warping of spacetime
A fish pushes water backward with its fins. How does this propel the fish forward?
The water exerts an external force on the fish in the opposite direction, pushing the fish forward.
A passenger in a car is holding a cup of water when the car stops suddenly. Why does the water splash out of the cup when the car stops?
The water has inertia
Why does doubling the mass of an object double its weight, but doubling its distance from the center of Earth reduces its weight fourfold?
The weight is equal to the gravitational force between the object and Earth, and the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the distance squared between the object and Earth.
After a projectile is launched into the air, in which direction(s) does it experience constant, nonzero acceleration, ignoring air resistance?
The y direction
In a free-body diagram, the arrows representing tension and weight have the same length but point away from one another. What does this indicate?
They are equal in magnitude and act in opposite directions.
Only two forces are acting on an object: force A to the left and force B to the right. If force B is greater than force A, in which direction will the object move, given that the object starts from rest?
To the right
what is equal to the cross product of the position vector (also called radial vector) and the force vector?
Torque
A planet-satellite system must be isolated from other massive objects to follow Kepler's laws of planetary motion. True or false?
True
Gravitational force is the attraction of the mass of one object to the mass of another. Light, either as a particle or a wave, has no rest mass. Despite this fact, gravity bends a beam of light. True of false?
True
True or false: Friction varies between different combinations of surfaces because different substances have different degrees of roughness or smoothness.
True
You are a devious mf. True of false.
True
A body is pushed eastward by a force of 4 units and southward by a force of 3 units. How would you draw a free-body diagram to represent this?
Two force vectors acting at a point, one pointing right with a length of 4 units and the other pointing down with a length of 3 units.
What is uniform circular motion?
Uniform circular motion is when an object travels on a circular path at a constant speed.
A ball is dropped and hits the floor. What is the direction of the force exerted by the floor on the ball?
Upwards
What type of quantity is centripetal acceleration?
Vector quantity; Centripetal acceleration has magnitude as well as direction.
When will an object continue spinning at the same angular velocity?
When net torque acting on it is zero
What does it mean for two quantities to be inversely proportional to each other?
When one variable increases the other variable decreases by the same factor.
A ball travels from north to south at 60 km/h. After being hit by a bat, it travels from west to east at 60 km/h. Is there a change in velocity? Why?
Yes because even though it remained at the same speed, the direction changed.
Is there a non-zero net force acting on an object in uniform circular motion?
Yes, because the object is accelerating.
Given a(subscript c)=v^2/r and v=rω, what is the equation for centripetal acceleration in terms of angular velocity and the radius?
a(subscript c) = rω^2
A, B, and C, are acting on the same object with magnitudes a, b, and c, respectively. Force A acts to the right, force B acts to the left, and force C acts downward. What is a necessary condition for the object to move straight down?
a=b
The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position of an oscillating object is the ________ of oscillation
amplitude
what kind of force is friction
an external force
what is inertia?
an objects resistance to change in motion.
The rate of change of angular velocity with time is _______, and is represented by greek letter ______
angular acceleration, aplha
Which of the following must be zero when the only two torques applied to an object are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction? Choose all that apply. Linear (tangential) velocity Angular acceleration Centripetal acceleration Angular velocity Linear (tangential) acceleration
angular acceleration, linear/tangential acceleration
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of ____________ and is negative when ω ____________
angular velocity, decreases
Angle of rotation is the ratio of the __________ to the ________ of curvature of a circular path.
arc length, radius
Which of the following would result in a torque of greater magnitude? Choose all that apply. Applying the force at an angle closer to parallel to r Applying the force farther away from the pivot point Increasing the magnitude of the applied force
bottom 2 answers are correct
Which of the following are examples of projectile motion? Choose all that apply. A frisbee flying two feet above the beach A ball rolling downhill A car driving along a highway A cannonball after it is launched from the cannon A dart flying toward the bull's-eye A football after being kicked by the punter A free throw shot in basketball
bottom 4 answers are correct
A 2,000 kg car is sitting at rest in a parking lot. A pedestrian with mass 50 kg walks past the car at 2.5 m/s. Which object has more inertia? Why? The _____ has more inertia because it has more _____
car, mass
What force directed radially outward is not actually a force but is the result of inertia?
centrifugal
The word _________ means center-seeking, and is the component of acceleration (or force) that causes a change in ___________ Meanwhile, a ________________ acceleration causes a change in ___________________
centripetal, direction, tangential, speed
In simple harmonic motion the restorative force is ______ proportional to the displacement from equilibrium, as described by __________ law
directly, Hooke's
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that the force of gravity between two objects is ________________ proportional to the _____________ of their _________________ and _______________ proportional to ________________ between their centers.
directly, product, masses, inversely, the square of the distance
The units of amplitude are the same as the units of
displacement
An object is launched into the air. If acceleration in the y direction is=9.80 m/s^2, then which of the following directions must be positive?
down
Air resistance, or _________ opposes motion in the air
drag
An object moving at a constant velocity is in what?
dynamic equilibrium
The _______ of an orbit, represented by ______, is a measure of how elongated an ellipse is, and is equal to the distance from the center to a ______ divided by the length of the _______________.
eccentricity, e, focus, semi-major axis.
What is Newton's third law of motion?
equal opposite reaction - Whenever a first body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude but acts in the direction opposite the direction of the applied force.
A cannon fires a cannonball. The magnitude of the force of the cannon on the cannonball is ________ the magnitude of force of the cannonball on the cannon. The direction of the force of the cannon on the cannonball is ________ the direction of the force of the cannonball on the cannon. The acceleration of the cannon is _____________ the acceleration of the cannonball because the cannon has a ____________
equal to, opposite, less than, greater mass
Consider two points on a CD with point A closer and point B further from the center. For the following which point would have a bigger value Angle of rotation (B, A, equal) Arc length traveled (B, A, equal) Tangential velocity (B, A, equal) Angular velocity (B, A, equal)
equal, B, B, equal
A person accelerates while walking on the ground by exerting force F1 on the ground. The ground in turn exerts force F2 on the person. F1 and F2 are _________ in magnitude and act in _______ The person is able to walk because the two forces act on ________ and the net force acting on the person is _______
equal, opposite directions, different systems, nonzero
True or false: Adding three vectors always results in a vector with a greater magnitude than if only two of the three vectors were added.
false
For a given oscillator, what are the factors that affect its period and frequency? Choose all that apply. Force constant amplitude mass applied force
force constant and mass
In the absence of friction and drag, oscillation will continue ________ with _________ With friction and drag, oscillation will continue _____________ with __________
forever, constant, for a limited time, decreasing
A ___________ diagram shows all significant _________ forces on an object.
free body, external
The what of an oscillation is the number of oscillations per unit of time.
frequency
A ________ force always opposes motion and occurs at the boundary of two surfaces.
friction
As the angle of the incline (relative to horizontal) increases, the magnitude of the gravitational force parallel to the plane _________ , and the magnitude of the gravitational force perpendicular to the plane ____________
increases, decreases
At non relativistic speeds, _____ is equal to mass
inertia
____________ is an object's resistance to motion. At non-relativistic speeds, it is equivalent to _______
inertia, mass
According to Newton's first law, a body in motion tends to remain in motion at a constant velocity. However, when you slide an object across a surface, the object eventually slows down and stops. Why?
kinetic friction
A change in _________ is an example of a deformation.
length
What is F in the equation τ=rFsinθ?
linear force
g is the
local gravitational field strength
All vectors include what two things?
magnitude and direction
Vectors have both _________ and _________.
magnitude and direction
Consider an object in uniform circular motion. What effect will increasing each of the following variables have on the centripetal force? More mass = (more or less centripetal force) more radius = (more or less centripetal force) more speed = (more or less centripetal force)
more, less, more
The sum of all forces is called the
net force
In uniform circular motion, centripetal force always equals
net force.
The rate of change of angular position, angular velocity is represented by what greek letter.
omega
An external force is defined as a force generated _____________ the system of interest that acts on an object ________________ the system.
outside, inside
Projectile motion near Earth's surface results in the object traveling in a _________ path.
parabolic
A weight is suspended with a rope and hangs freely. In what direction is the tension on the rope? Parallel or perpendicular to the rope?
parallel
An object will slide down an inclined plane at constant velocity when the magnitude of the component of weight ________ to the inclined plane is ________ the magnitude of the frictional force.
parallel, equal to
What is the point closest to the sun
perihelion
The what of an oscillation is the amount of time to complete one oscillation
period
What motion repeats itself at regular time intervals?
periodic
Kepler devised three laws concerning the motion of ________ around our sun, but his laws can be extended to all _________
planets, orbits
A rope is pulling a bucket vertically up a well with a constant velocity. Consider a free-body diagram for the bucket. The bucket is represented by a _______ . Pointing _________ is an arrow to represent the force of gravity acting on the bucket, which is also called the bucket's ________ . Pointing ________ is an arrow for the _________ force acting on the bucket, which must be drawn __________ the arrow for the force of
point, down, wieght, up, tension, same length as
An object undergoing ____________ motion is affected by only a single force, ________. This motion can be 2D or simple ________.
projectile, gravity, freefall
The ________ can be used to calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector obtained from the addition of two vectors that are at right angles to each other.
pythagorean
How can we determine the magnitude of a vector if we know the magnitudes of its components?
pythagorean therum on the components and solve for C
Einsteins theory of general _________ states that gravity results from the bending of _________ by an object's mass.
relativity, space-time
The sum of two or more vectors is called the _________ vector
resultant
What is the result of two or more vectors?
resultant vector
An object at rest is in what type of equilibrium?
static
A graph is constructed of the vertical velocity of a projectile as a function of time. What is the shape of the graph?
straight diagonal line
What is dynamics?
study of how forces affect motion
In uniform circular motion, the direction of the object's velocity is ___________ and the direction of the object's acceleration is _______________
tangential, radially inward
Stanley is swinging a ball tied to one end of a string over his head. Suddenly, the string breaks and the ball flies away. How does it fly away? (kind of a weird question)
tangentially
The ___ force is a pulling force exerted by connecting medium, such as a rope or cable.
tension
Newton's third law of motion says that, for every action force, there is a reaction force equal in magnitude but that acts in the opposite direction. Apply this law to gravitational forces acting between the Washington Monument and Earth. The monument is attracted to Earth with a force equal to the weight of _____________ , and Earth is attracted to the monument with a force equal to the weight of _____________ . The situation can be represented with two force vectors of _____________ magnitude pointing in __________________
the monument, the monument, equal, opposite directions
A person is following a set of directions. He has to walk 2 km east and then 1 km north. He takes a wrong turn and walks in the opposite direction for the second leg of the trip. The magnitude of his total displacement will be _________ it would have been had he followed directions correctly.
the same as
What is kinematics?
the study of motion