Chapters 7 and 8 Psychology Practice Questions

Sandy plays tennis very well. Lately she seems to play even better when other people watch her. This difference is most likely due to

Social facilitation

On Pauls' birthday, his girlfriend Beth doesn't treat him specially. Paul assumes that Beth simply doesn't care about him because she didn't recognize his special day. when he complains, she seems shocked and explains that her family never celebrated birthdays and asks him if he'd like to go celebrate. Paul has possibly made the

fundamental attribution error

The term for the psychological aspect of being male or female is

gender

In many western cultures, boys are expected to play with trucks while girls are expected to play with dolls. This is an example of

gender roles.

Milgram's classic 1964 experiment found that

most people are surprisingly obedient to authority

research based on the bystander effect suggests that a victim is MOST likely to get help from a bystander if

no one else is around

a culture may have certain rules, traditions, or beliefs that people are expected to follow. these rules are known as

norms

mental patterns that represent what a person believes about certain types of people are called

stereotypes

Which of the following statements is the best illustration of an independent self-concept? A. "I am a friendly and considerate person." B. "I am a mother to three small boys." C. "I am a teacher in a public high school." D. "I am a member of the basketball team."

"i am a teacher in a public high school."

Which of the following represents the affective component of an attitude? A. "I love to go to clubs- it makes me so happy!" B. "Tonight, we're going to that new club downtown." C. "It is interesting to watch people when I'm out at a club." D. "I'm going to wear a new outfit to the club tonight."

A. "I love to go to clubs- it makes me so happy!"

Which of the following statements about culture is true? A. It is possible to identify with more than one culture B. It is not difficult to move from one culture to another C. Cultural factors do not affect most aspects of people's daily lives D. No country can contain more than one culture

A. It is possible to identify with more than one culture

Which of the following people is likely to make the fastest transition from an old culture to a new culture? A. a 10 year-old girl B. a 30 year-old man C. a 50 year-old woman D. an 80 year-old man

A. a 10 year-old girl

According to Sternberg, which of the following describes the feelings of emotional closeness between two people? a. passion b. intimacy c. infatuation d. commitment

B. Intimacy

Which is not a characteristic of groupthink? A. pressure B. objectivity C. invulnerability D. rationalization

B. Objectivity

Which of the following represents the cognitive component of an attitude? A. "I just love Italian food!" B. "I'm going to bake lasagna tonight." C. "Italian food is the best of European Cuisines." D. "Tonight, we're doing to a new Italian restaurant."

C. "Italian food is the best of European Cuisines."

A person who has a very low self-worth is less likely yo be affected by the

C. Reciprocity of liking effect

Which of the following is best qualified as an altruistic act? A. saving a loved one from danger B. making a living teaching children C. protecting a stranger from an attack D. using aggression only in self-defense

C. protecting a stranger from an attack

Solomon Aschs's 1951 study with a standard line and comparison lines showed the influence of

Conformity

which of the following is not a major cause of interpersonal attraction? A. similarity B. reciprocity of liking C. physical attractiveness D. complementary qualities

D. Complementary qualities

which of the following research questions would a cross -cultural psychologist most likely ask? A. Is there a biological bias for depression B. Can moving to a new country cause depression? C. Are symptoms of depression different now than they were in the past? D. do people in different countries experience depression in the same way?

D. do people in different countries experience depression in the same way?

Which of the following studies is most questionable today regarding research in ethics in psychology today?

Milgram's experiment on obedience

What is gender typing?

a cultural perception of what is masculine and feminine

on of the keys to deindividuation is

anonymity

in which of the following scenarios does display rules play a part? A. A girl moves to a new country with her family. She makes friends with people from her new culture but still feels like she is part of her old culture. B. A girl brings food and decorations from her home culture to school to share her cultural background with her friends. C. A girl watches a sad movie with friends. She wants to cry, but because she is with other people, she keeps her emotions to herself. D. A girl takes an IQ test designed in a culture different from her own, and she is not familiar with many terms and concepts used in the test

a girl watches a sad movie with friends. she wants to cry, but because she is with other people, she keeps her emotions to herself

according to research, which of the following people is Most likely to commit the fundamental attribution error?

a young person from the US

when people are unable to reach a goal, frustration may result, which can ultimately turn into

aggression

in Asch's study, conformity decreased when

at least one confederate agreed with the participant

Pamela hates when people use their cell phones during class. one day Pamela gets an urgent call during class and she slips out to take the call. she tells herself that answering a phone during class isn't so bad after al. Pamela is reducing her sense of

cognitive dissonance

a man who thinks of himself in terms of his relationship to his family and coworkers is mostly from a(n) _______ culture

collectivist

gang members who feel deindividualized are typically more likely to

commit violent acts

Greta and Huan are no longer passionate in they long marriage, but they feel emotionally close, they nurture their relationship and they have no intention of leaving each other. Greta and Huan's relationship can be described as

compassionate love

Elizabeth's room is almost always a mess. Her parents attribute this to Elizabeth's laziness, which is an example of

dispositional cause

Connor needs just $20 more to go out with his friends. He asks his mother for $50 but she tells him he can have $30 instead. In the end, Connor ended up with $10 more than he originally planned. What technique did Connor use?

door in the face technique

Emily refuses to eat her dinner. her father tells her she cannot go play until she eats all the food on her plate. she folds her arms and refuses. her father then tells her to eat half her brussel sprouts and take 3 bites of her salad. Emily happily gobbles up the limited amount of food and rushes outside to play. which technique did Emily's father use?

door in the face technique

in asian cultures, people tend to explain the behavior of others as a result of

externalm situational factors

IQ tests are not a preferred measure of intelligence in cross-cultural psychology because

intelligence takes different forms in different cultures

Lilly's mother always listens to the classic rock radio station, so Lilly has grown up hearing classic rock and noticing how much her mother enjoys it. now Lilly says that classic rock is her favorite. Lilly's attitude toward classic rock was most likely acquired through

interaction with others

In the United States and in many other cultures, boys are generally taught to

keep their feelings to themselves

Studies have found that attitudes are primarily the result of

learned behavior

Francisco wants to buy a new computer. he sees a computer being sold for what he thinks is a reasonable price, so he commits to buying it. after he makes this commitment, however, he's forced to spend even more money on a warranty, an anti-theft plan, and required software for the computer. which technique has Francisco been manipulated by?

lowball technique

the more you see someone, the more likely you are to like that person. such a phenomenon is often due to

mere exposure

in the famous Festinger experiment, participants were paid either $1 or $20 to lie to a woman in the waiting room about how interesting the task really was. the participants who convinced themselves that the task really was fun were the ones who were

paid only $1

many times, food companies will market their products to young children by putting images of popular carton characters on cereal boxes, egg cartons, snack packs, and yogurt lids. these companies hope that which of the following will influence their target audience?

peripheral route processing

which of the following is NOT a culture-bound action? A. smiling B. shaking hands C. giving a thumbs up D. making a victory "V" sign with two fingers

smiling

Jenna always did well during group projects because she allowed the rest of the group to do most of the work, but she shared in the good grade. Her new teacher requires each student to complete a different section of the project to prevent students like Jenna from ____.

social loafing

in Zimbardo's classic Stanford prison experiment, participants succumbed to the power of

social roles

once a situation has been defined as an emergency, the next step in the decision-making process is

taking responsibility

physical attractiveness is most involved in which of the following aspects of persuasion?

the source

____thoughts and behaviors are those of which are the same in many different cultures all over the world.

universal

Which has the greatest effect on conformity? A. gender B. testosterone levels C. hair color D. whether one's culture is collectivist or not

whether one's culture is collectivist or not