Characteristics of the Four Kingdoms of Eukarya

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Fungi

After digestion, building blocks of nutrients are absorbed into the organism's body by diffusion

Fungi

Can be either unicellular or multicellular

Fungi

Can combine with algae to form lichens.

Fungi

Carry out extracellular digestion by secreting hydrolytic enzymes outside the body.

Plantae

Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

Fungi

Cell walls are composed by chitin

Plantae

Cell walls are made of cellulose

Fungi

Example: yeast, mold, mushrooms, athlete's foot

Plantae

Examples: Mosses, ferns, and cone bearing and flowering plants

Animalia

Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes

Fungi

Important to the ecosystem as decomposers

Animalia

In most species, a small flagellated sperm fertilizes a larger, non-motile egg

Protista

Includes both heterotrophs and autotrophs

Protista

Includes organisms that do not fit in fungi or plant kingdoms (e.g. seaweed and slime molds)

Protista

Kingdom includes the widest variety of organisms, but all are eukaryotes

Animalia

Most are motile

Protista

Most are single-celled, but many are primitive multicelled organisms

Animalia

Most reproduce sexually with a dominant diploid stage

Plantae

Multicellular, autotrophic eukaryotes

Protista

Organisms in this kingdom move by various means like pseudopods (amoeba), cilia (paramecium), and flagellum (euglena)

Fungi

Reproduce asexually by budding, spore formation or fragmentation. Can also reproduce sexually

Plantae

Reproduce sexually by alternating between gametophyte and sporophyte

Fungi

Saprobes

Protista

Some can cause serious diseases (e.g. amoebic dysentery and malaria)

Protista

Some carry out conjugation

Plantae

Some have vascular tissue (tracheophytes) and some do not (bryophytes)

Plantae

Store carbohydrates as starch

Animalia

Usually classified according to anatomical features and embryonic development

Fungi

all are heterotrophic eukaryotes

Lichens

combination of fungi and algae in a mutualistic relationship. Are photosynthetic and can survive harsh environments. Often, these are pioneer organisms.

Saprobes

organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter; recycle nutrients in an ecosystem


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