Chatper 31-OB and Neonatal Care

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

"Have you had a sonogram?"

A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _____ seconds following birth.

15-30

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately

16 hours

An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before

20 weeks

Preeclampsia MOST commonly occurs after the ___ week of gestation.

30th

If a baby is born at 7:52 p.m., the second APGAR score should be calculated at

7:57 p.m.

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His APGAR score is

8

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is MOST correct?

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular and he has a strong cry. What should you do next?

Assess the brachial or umbilical pulse.

Which of the following is an indication of imminent birth?

Crowning of the baby's head

After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mother experience:

Easier breathing

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

Headache and edema

Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct:

In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections.

Which of the following statements regarding twins is MOST correct?

Most twins are born within 45 minutes of each other.

Eclampsia is MOST accurately defined as

Seizures that result from severe hypertension

Which of the following processes occurs during ovulation?

The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation.

Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is MOST correct?

The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.

Which of the following occurs during true labor?

Uterine contractions become more regular

When the cervix begins to dilate

a mucus plug is expelled from the vagina

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which:

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman who is 35 weeks' pregnant. She tells you that her amniotic sac has not ruptured, but she is experiencing irregular contractions that "come and go." Upon visual inspection, you note a small amount of brown mucus draining from her vagina. You should

administer oxygen and transport.

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by

alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions

A 26-year-old woman complains of a stabbing pain in the right lower quadrant of her abdomen. She states that her last menstrual period was 7 weeks ago and that she had pelvic inflammatory disease approximately 3 months ago. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing

an ectopic pregnancy

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for

an ectopic pregnancy

During your visual inspection of a 19-year-old patient in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers.

You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks' pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the appropriate BSI precautions, you should

assess her for crowning.

Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should

attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's

belly button

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the

birth canal

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension (preeclampsia) include all of the following, EXCEPT

blood in the urine

Which of the following is NOT a component of the APGAR score?

body size

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord

The umbilical cord

carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein.

The onset of labor begins with

contractions of the uterus

A placenta previa is MOST accurately defined as

development of the placenta over the cervical opening

If a pregnant patient requires spinal immobilization, you should secure her to the backboard and then:

elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.

After a baby is born, it is important to

ensure it is thoroughly dried and warm

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should

firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion

If a newborn has gasping respirations after being dried and suctioned

further stimulation is not likely to improve ventilation.

A 30-year-old pregnant female is gravida-3 and para-2. This means that she has

given birth to 2 live babies

In contrast to a full-term infant, a premature infant:

has an even proportionately larger head.

The term primipara refers to a woman who

has had only one live birth.

A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who

have delivered a baby before

Which of the following is a normal physiologic change that occurs in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?

increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve

Compared to full-term infants, premature infants are at a higher risk for

infection

The amniotic fluid serves to

insulate and protect the fetus.

The leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy is

internal bleeding caused by a ruptured ectopic pregnancy

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should

keep him warm and provide ventilatory assistance.

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2" to 4"

Most medical models base a pregnant woman's due date:

on the first day of her last menstrual cycle.

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks' pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should

place her in a left lateral recumbent position.

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations

pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because:

pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

profound tachycardia

Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant that has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should

provide emotional support to the mother

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/mins following delivery, you should:

provide ventilations for 30 seconds

Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should

puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose.

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should

push the infant's head away from the cord

During delivery of the baby's head, you should suction the mouth before the nose because

suctioning the nose first may cause the baby to gasp and aspirate fluid.

When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to:

take quick short breaths

The presence of thick meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates

that the baby's airway may be obstructed.

The third stage of labor begins when the

the baby is expelled from the vagina

During delivery, it is MOST important to position your partner at the mother's head because

the mother may become nauseated and vomit.

Abruprio placenta occurs when:

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall

In contrast to a placenta previa, a placenta abruptio occurs when

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

A 35-year-old woman who is 30 weeks' pregnant presents with a severe headache and swelling in her hands and feet. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 148/94 mm Hg, a pulse of 100 beats/min, and respirations of 24 breaths/min. During transport, you should be MOST concerned with

the possibility that she may experience a seizure

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava

The term "bloody show" is defined as:

the small amount of pink-tinged mucus that is discharged from the vagina after expulsion of the mucous plug

Vigorous suctioning of a newborn's airway is indicated if:

there is meconium in the amniotic fluid

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should

time the contractions from the start of one to the start of the next

General treatment guidelines when caring for a woman with traumatic vaginal bleeding includes

transporting to an appropriate facility

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

uterus

An infant is considered to be premature if it

weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.