CHE HW CH 10

A strong electrolyte will dissociate ___ percent when dissolved in water.

100

Combustion is most commonly defined as the reaction of a substance with

Oxygen

Neutralization is the reaction of a(n) ___ and a(n) ___ .

acid base

A molecular equation includes ________. (Choose all that apply.)

all reactants and products represented by their chemical formulas all reactants and products as though they exist intact in solution as molecules or formula units

A complete ionic equation includes ________. (Choose all that apply.)

all soluble ionic compounds as ions states of matter charges on ions

Stoichiometric coefficients in a balanced chemical equation _______.

are the numbers that precede the chemical formulas balance the number of atoms of each kind on both sides of the equation without changing the identity of the reactants or products

An oxidation number, or oxidation state, is the _____ an atom would have if all the electrons were ______ completely. The oxidation number is a "bookkeeping" method to keep track of the movement of electrons in chemical reactions.

charge; transferred

A(n) ______ uses chemical symbols to denote what occurs in a chemical reaction.

chemical equation

When balancing a chemical equation, appropriate ______ are written to the left of the chemical formulas.

coefficients

When balancing a chemical equation, we can change only the ____ that precede the chemical formulas, notthe _____ within the chemical formulas.

coefficients subscripts

A ___ reaction is when two or more reactants form a single product.

combination

A net ionic equation is obtained when spectator ions are omitted from the ___ ionic equation.

complete

Dalton's third hypothesis states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactant atoms must equal the total mass of product atoms. This is a statement of the law of _______.

conservation of mass

A gas-producing double-displacement reaction occurs when an intermediate product further ___ to form a gas.

decomposes

Acid-base neutralization is a _________ type of reaction, where two compounds exchange ions.

double-displacement

Oxidation numbers, also called oxidation states, are an artificial method of keeping track of ___ gained or lost by redox reactants.

electrons

The metalloids, such as B, Si, and Ge, are represented by their ______ formulas in chemical equations.

empirical

If a species in a reaction loses electrons, there must always be another species that ___ electrons. Oxidation and reduction therefore always occur together, and the number of electrons lost equals the number of electrons ___ .

gains gained

In a chemical equation, the symbol (g) indicates the substance is a ____, whereas the symbol (s) indicates it is a ____

gas solid

A base is a substance that produces ___ ions

hydroxide

A precipitate is a(n) _______ formed from a chemical reaction between two solutes in solution.

insoluble solid

Strong electrolytes exist in solution completely as ________.

ions

Stoichiometric coefficients are written to the ____ of the chemical formulas of the reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation. (Choose from left or right.)

left

Oxidation is defined as the _____ of electrons, whereas reduction is the _____ of electrons.

loss; gain

A reaction in which all compounds are represented by their chemical formulas is known as a(n) ______ equation.

molecular

In a(n) ___ equation, reactants and products are represented by their chemical formulas, as though they exist in solution as these compounds.

molecular

A(n) ____ ionic equation is very useful because it includes only the species directly involved in the reaction.

net

Italicized letters in parentheses following each species typically indicate the _____ of reactants and products in a chemical equation.

physical states

An insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution is called a ____ .

precipitate

Reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble product from a solution are called ___ reactions.

precipitation

In a chemical equation, the _____ appear to the left of the arrow and the _____ appear to the right of the arrow.

reactant product

The equation 3Ni2+(aq) + 2Cr(s) → 3Ni(s) + 2Cr3+(aq) represents a redox reaction. In this reaction, Ni2+ is the species ___ .

reduced

A neutralization reaction between an acid and a base usually produces water and a ______.

salt

The products of an acid-base neutralization reaction are often a(n) ______ and a(n) ______.

salt water moleculE

The redox reaction Cu(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 Ag(s) is best classifed as a(n) __________ reaction.

single-displacement

Use the solubility guidelines in the image to help complete the following sentence.Sodium chloride, ammonium phosphate, and copper acetate are all in ____ water.

soluble

Ions that are present in a reaction but not involved in the actual chemical change are called ____ ions. These ions will appear unchanged on both sides of a complete ionic equation.

spectator

In the following balanced chemical equation, the underlined numbers in bold are referred to as the ______. 2NH3(g) → 3H2(g) + 2N2(g)

stoichiometric coefficients

Match each term correctly to its definition.

Endo- Absorbs Exto- Produces

Determine the balanced chemical equation for calcium metal and oxygen gas reacting to form solid calcium oxide.

2Ca(s) + O2(g) → 2CaO(s)

Which is the correctly balanced form of the given chemical equation? Ca3(PO4)2(s) + SiO2(s) + C(s) → P4(g) + CaSiO3(l) + CO(g)

2Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6SiO2(s) + 10C(s) → P4(g) + 6CaSiO3(l) + 10CO(g)

Determine the balanced chemical equation for aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and barium hydroxide reacting to form aqueous barium chloride and water.

2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Choose the balanced chemical equation that correctly describes the reaction shown in the accompanying image. (Na = white; Cl = green)

2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)

There are ____ H atoms, ____ N atoms, and ____ O atoms on each side of the balanced chemical equation shown below. 3HNO2(aq) → HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) + 2NO(g)

3 3 6

Which of the following statements correctly describe a net ionic equation? (Choose all that apply.)

A net ionic equation represents the actual chemical change taking place. A net ionic equation shows only the species that participate in the chemical reaction.

Which of the following correctly defines a precipitate?

A solid product that separates from a solution

Which statements correctly describe how substances may be represented in chemical equations? Select all that apply.

Ionic compounds are represented by their chemical formulas. Oxygen in the air is represented as O2. Sulfur can be represented as S or S8.

The molecular equation is given as AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq). Which species will be found in the complete ionic equation?

Ag+(aq) as reactant only AgCl(s)

When aqueous solutions of AgClO3 and CsI are mixed, AgI precipitates. Which species are included in the net ionic equation? (Choose all that apply.)

AgI Ag+

Which of the following options correctly describe the redox reaction given below? 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)

Al is oxidized to Al3+. H+ is reduced to H2.

The molecular equation is given as K3PO4(aq) + AlCl3(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + AlPO4(s) Which species will be found in the complete ionic equation?

Al3+(aq) as reactant only AlPO4(s)

Which statement defines spectator ions?

Ions that do not participate in the reaction although they are present

Predict the formulas for the two products of this double-displacement reaction: Mg(C2H3O2)2(aq) + K2S(aq) →

KC2H3O2(aq) MgS(s)

Using the solubility guidelines in the image, determine which of the following ionic compounds will be soluble in water.

Barium hydroxide Ammonium phosphate Potassium chloride

For the following balanced equation, match the number of each type of atom on each side of the reaction arrow to the atom label. C12H22O11(s) + 12O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 11H2O(g) Instructions

C- 12 H- 22 O- 35

Choose the correctly balanced form of the following chemical equation. C2H4O2(l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(l)

C2H4O2(l) + 2O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Using the solubility guidelines in the image, determine which of the following ionic compounds will be soluble in water.

NaCl AgNO3 Pb(C2H3O2)2

What is the net ionic equation for the molecular equation given below? NiSO4(aq) + 2NH4OH(aq) → Ni(OH)2(s) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Ni2+(aq) + 2OH--(aq) → Ni(OH)2(s)

Which of the following balanced chemical equations correctly represents the reaction shown in the image? (C = black; H = white; O = red)

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

The combustion of a substance that contains carbon, hydrogen, and perhaps oxygen will react with O2 to produce two products. What are the two products of this combustion reaction? Multiple select question.

CO2 H2O

Which of the following are true when balancing a chemical equation? Choose all that apply. Multiple select question.

Change the coefficients of compounds before changing the coefficients of elements. Polyatomic ions that appear on both sides of the equation can be treated as units. Never change the subscripts in a chemical formula.

A(n) ___ ___ equation represents all the soluble ionic compounds as hydrated (aq) ions.

Complete ionic

Rank the following components of a chemical equation in the order they should be balanced. Place the item that should be balanced first at the top of the list.

Compounds Elements

Match the water solubility guideline for ionic compounds containing the given ion.

Compounds insoluble unless cation is a Group 1A metal or ammonium ion, NH4+ OH- matches Choice Compounds insoluble unless cation is a Group 1A metal, Ba2+, or NH4+ I- matches Choice Compounds soluble unless cation is Ag+, Hg22+, or Pb2+ SO42- matches Choice Compounds soluble unless cation is Ag+, Hg22+ Pb2+, Ca2+, Sr+, or Ba2+

Match each type of substance to the procedure that facilitates balancing a chemical equation.

Compounds- Change the coefficient of this type of substance first Polyatomic ions- Treat as a unit if this remains unchanged on both sides of the equation Elements- Change the coefficient of this type of substance last

Select all of the steps that help facilitate balancing chemical equations.

Count atoms and/or polyatomic ions carefully, and track their numbers each time you change a coefficient. Change the coefficients of compounds before changing the coefficients of elements. Treat polyatomic ions that appear on both sides of the equation as units, instead of counting the atoms individually.

According to solubility guidelines, ionic compounds containing which of the following anions will be soluble in water without exception?

Nitrate ion Acetate ion Chlorate ion

In an oxidation-reduction reaction, one reactant loses while another reactant gains ___ .

Electrons

Predict the formulas for the two products of this double-displacement reaction: FeCl2(aq) + NaOH(aq) →

Fe(OH)2(s) NaCl(aq)

Using the solubility guidelines in the image, determine which of the following ionic compounds will be soluble in water.

FeSO4 Na2CO3

Choose all the statements that correctly describe how physical states of matter are indicated in chemical equations.

Gases, liquids, and solids in chemical equations are labeled with (g), (l), and (s), respectively. in chemical equations, species in aqueous solution are labeled with (aq).

An acid is defined as a substance that produces ___ ions in aqueous solution.

H

What are the oxidation numbers of the elements in H3PO4?

H = +1, P = +5, O = -2

Identify the products of double-displacement reactions that will further decompose to form gases.

H2SO3(aq) NH4OH(aq) H2CO3(aq)

Identify all the common acids from the following list.

H2SO4 HCl

Match each element to its typical oxidation number.

Oxygen matches Choice -2 Group 1A matches Choice +1 Group 2A matches Choice +2 Fluorine matches Choice --1

When balancing chemical equations in which polyatomic ions appear in both the reactants and the products, how should the polyatomic ions be treated? Choose all that apply.

Polyatomic ions should be counted carefully, and their numbers should be closely tracked. The polyatomic ions may be treated as units, rather than individually.

Which of the following options correctly describe the two redox reactions shown? Reaction A: Co(s) + Br2(g) → CoBr2(s) Reaction B: Co(s) + NiBr2(aq) → Ni(s) + 2CoBr2(aq)

Reaction A is a combination reaction. In reaction B, Co(s) is oxidized.

Which of the following options correctly describe the two redox reactions shown? Reaction A: 2Fe(s) + Cl2(g) → 2FeCl3(s) Reaction B: 2Fe(s) + 3CuCl2(aq) → 3Cu(s) + 2FeCl3(aq)

Reaction A is a combination reaction. In reaction B, Fe(s) is oxidized.

Which of the following statements correctly describe an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Reduction and oxidation always occur together. This type of reaction involves the transfer or shift of electrons from one element to another. Redox occurs because the elements have different natural tendencies to lose or gain electrons.

Match the type of numbers found within a balanced chemical reaction with its function.

Stiochiometric Coefficients- Indicate number of each reactant and product in chemical equation Subscripts- Indicate number of each type of atom in a chemical formula

Match the numbers in a chemical equation to whether or not they can be changed during balancing.

Stoichiometric Coefficients- can Subscripts- cannot

Match each element to its oxidation number in the compound given.

Sulfur in H2S matches Choice -2 Phosphorus in P2O5 matches Choice +5 Chromium in Cr2O72-- matches Choice +6 Copper in CuO matches Choice +2 Hydrogen in NaH matches Choice -1

Which of the following statements correctly describe the rules for assigning oxidation numbers (abbreviated as O.N.)? Select all that apply.

The O.N. for a monatomic ion is the same as its charge. The sum of the oxidation numbers for the atoms in a neutral compound is zero.

Which of the following statements are correct according to Dalton's atomic theory? Choose all that apply.

The mass of all of the atoms involved in a chemical reaction is the same before and after the reaction. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed as a result of a chemical reaction. Atoms are rearranged during chemical reaction.

Choose all the statements that correctly describe the numbers found in a chemical equation.

The stoichiometric coefficients are the numbers that precede the chemical formulas. The subscripts are the numbers within the chemical formulas in a chemical equation.

Which of the following statements describes a precipitation reaction?

This type of reaction usually occurs in aqueous solutions. This type of reaction often involves ionic compounds.

Match each of the following common substances with its classification as an acid or base.

Vitamin C (HC6H7O6) matches Choice Acid Drano (NaOH) matches Choice Base Base matches Choice Milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)2 Acid matches Choice Pool cleaner (HCl)

Match each type of redox reaction correctly with the description of electron movement involved.

When an ionic compound forms from its elements matches Choice electrons are transferred. When a covalent compound forms from its elements matches Choice electrons shift between atoms without a full transfer. Ions are formed matches Choice when an ionic compound forms from its elements. Ions are not involved matches Choice when a covalent compound forms from its elements.