Check your recall/ understanding

The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that breaks down carbohydrates is

Amylase

What functional impaired ent will Lourdes face with a blockage of the cystic duct

Bile leaves the gallbladder through the cystic duct. The gallbladder stores bile, so less bile will be released than normal. This will interfere with the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids.

Bile drains from the liver via the ______________

Common hepatic duct

Bile drains from the gallbladder via the ______

Cystic duct

T/f the trachea is lined with o-shaped tings of hyaline cartilage

False, C

T/f the superior vocal cords are the true vocal cords

False, inferior

T/F: The left primary bronchus is shorter, straighter and wider than the right primary bronchus.

False, right

T/f the pyloric sphincter regulates flow from the esophagus to the stomach

False, stomach & duodenum

T/f bile is produced by the gallbladder

False, stored

Trace the pathway the piece of carrot had to take from his mouth to is respiratory bronchiole

Mouth -> oropharynx -> laryngopharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> right primary bronchus -> right inferior secondary bronchus -> tertiary bronchus -> bronchial tree -> bronchiole -> terminal bronchiole -> respiratory bronchiole

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship of pressure and volume according to Boyles law?

Pressure and volume are inversely proportional

The pleural cavity contains a thin layer of _______ which functions to ________

Serous fluid, reduce friction as the lungs change shape and size

Which of the following is not one of the components of the respiratory membrane

Smooth muscle fibers

What are the functional differences between the conducting and respiratory zones?

The conducting zone transports air, during which time it is warmed, humidified, and filtered. The respiratory zone contains alveoli, through which gas exchange occurs

What are the key differences between a restrictive and obstructive disease

A restrictive disease reduces lung distensibility, making inspiration difficult. An obstructive disease increases airway resistance, making expiration difficult.

Carbon dioxide is transported through the blood primarily as __________________ due to a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme ___________

Bicarbonate ions, carbonic anhydrase

What are the functions of intercalated discs?

H20+ CO2 -> H2CO3-> HCO3 + H

The muscles of inspiration

Increase lung volume and decrease intrapulmonary pressure

Clusters of bile salts, digested lipids, and other non polar substances that escort lipids to enterocytes are called

Micelles

Which of the following statements about alveoli is true

The grapelike structure of the alveolar sacs creates a huge surface area for pulmonary gas exchange

What happens to the pH of the blood during hyperventilation and why?

The pH of the blood increases during hyperventilation because carbon dioxide is "blown off." This decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, which in turn decreases the number of hydrogen ions released from carbonic anhydrase. This increases the pH of the blood.

The folds of the stomach are known as

rugae

Which of the following is not a trend we find in the respiratory tract

The epithelium gradually increases in height as we move deeper into the respiratory tract

The carrot caused inflammation around the alveoli in the affected area, which has collapsed the alveoli. How would this affect his ability to exchange gases?

The grape Lille structure of the alveoli provides a huge surface area for gas exchange. When the alveoli collapse, surface area decreases drastically, giving far less surface area for gas exchange.

Pulmonary gas exchange is best defined as

The movement of gases across the respiratory membrane

The final passages of the respiratory zone which have walls made of alveoli are called

alveolar ducts

Will a blockage of the cystic duct interfere with the production of bile? Why or why not?

NO. The gallbladder only stores bile, the liver makes it.

The lungs elastic recoil is responsible for

Passive expiration

Explain why lipids are absorbed into a different structure than are carbohydrates and proteins.

Carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into intestinal capillaries because they are small, water-soluble molecules. Lipids are packaged into structures called chylomicrons, which are too large to be absorbed into capillaries. For this reason, they are absorbed into lacteals, which have large valves in their walls that allow larger particles to enter

T/f the longest segment of the small intestine is the duodenum

False, ileum

T/f the mesentery is a double fold of parietal peritoneum

False, visceral

The condition Crohn's disease is a disease of the immune system that results in inflammation of different parts of the digestive tract. One of the most commonly affected sites is the small intestine, resulting in loss of intestinal villi. How would this affect the functions of the small intestine? Predict the symptoms of this form of Crohn's disease

Intestinal villi increase the surface area available for absorption. When the villi are destroyed in Crohn's disease, fewer nutrients and less water are absorbed, resulting in diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and nutrient deficiencies.

T/f bronchioles are passages of the respiratory tract that are less than 1mm in diameter

True

T/f circumvallate papillae are located at the posterior tongue and house taste buds

True

T/f the paranasal sinuses filter, warm, and humidify inhaled air

True

T/f the three smooth muscle layers of the stomach layers of the stomach allow it to perform churning motions

True

The cystic duct and the common hepatic duct unite to form ____________

common bile duct the