Check Your Understanding Assignment 3 Q3

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

True

The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.

True

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

β-hemolytic streptococcal infection

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

. antibiotics.

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

. communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

. mitral regurgitation.

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is

. stable angina.

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Continue lifestyle modifications only.

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease.

False

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

Edema

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

False

Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.

Prinzmetal variant

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

Septic

A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with

acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction.

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases

afterload.

Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

antiplatelet drugs.

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

decrease left ventricular afterload.

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

diastolic murmur.

Constrictive pericarditis is associated with

impaired cardiac filling.

The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

tachycardia.

Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

nitric oxide.

Hypertension is closely linked to

obstructive sleep apnea.

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

peripheral pooling of blood.

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

pulmonary congestion.

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis.

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

reduce cardiac output.

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

reduced cardiac output.

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

renin

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to

rupture.

A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/minute on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?

Ventricular escape rhythm

Mitral stenosis is associated with

a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.

Sepsis has been recently redefined as

a systemic inflammatory response to infection.

The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of

apoptosis.