Chem ch 6

periodic law

A repetition of properties occurs when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Which of the following elements has the smallest ionic radius? a. Li b. K c. O d. S

a. Li

atomic mass

basis for Mendeleev's arrangement of the periodic table

What causes the shielding effect to remain constant across a period? a. Electrons are added to the same principal energy level. b. Electrons are added to different principal energy levels. c. The charge on the nucleus is constant. d. The atomic radius increases.

a. Electrons are added to the same principal energy level.

In which of the following sets is the symbol of the element, the number of protons, and the number of electrons given correctly? a. In, 49 protons, 49 electrons b. Zn, 30 protons, 60 electrons c. Cs, 55 protons, 132.9 electrons d. F, 19 protons, 19 electrons

a. In, 49 protons, 49 electrons

How does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table? a. It tends to decrease. b. It tends to increase. c. It first increases, then decreases. d. It first decreases, then increases.

a. It tends to decrease.

Which of the following is true about the electron configurations of the noble gases? a. The highest occupied s and p sublevels are completely filled. b. The highest occupied s and p sublevels are partially filled. c. The electrons with the highest energy are in a d sublevel. d. The electrons with the highest energy are in an f sublevel.

a. The highest occupied s and p sublevels are completely filled.

Which of the following statements correctly compares the relative size of an ion to its neutral atom? a. The radius of an anion is greater than the radius of its neutral atom. b. The radius of an anion is identical to the radius of its neutral atom. c. The radius of a cation is greater than the radius of its neutral atom. d. The radius of a cation is identical to the radius of its neutral atom.

a. The radius of an anion is greater than the radius of its neutral atom

Elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as ____. a. groups 3A through 8A b. transition metals c. inner transition metals d. groups 1A and 2A

a. groups 3A through 8A

What are the Group 1A and Group 7A elements examples of? a. representative elements b. transition elements c. noble gases d. nonmetallic elements

a. representative elements

How many electrons does the ion Ca2+ contain? a. 18 d. 2 b. 20 e. 0 c. 22 f. -2

a. 18

Of the elements Fe, Hg, U, and Te, which is a representative element? a. Fe b. Hg c. U d. Te

a. Fe

What is another name for the representative elements? a. Group A elements b. Group B elements c. Group C elements d. transition elements

a. Group A elements

What is the name for the Group 2A elements? a. alkaline earth metals d. nonmetals b. alkali metals e. metalloids c. halogens f. transition metals

a. alkaline earth metals

Each period in the periodic table corresponds to a(n) ____. a. principal energy level b. energy sublevel c. orbital d. suborbital

a. principal energy level

electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

Which of the following statements is true about ions? a. Cations form when an atom gains electrons. b. Cations form when an atom loses electrons. c. Anions form when an atom gains protons. d. Anions form when an atom loses protons.

b. Cations form when an atom loses electrons.

Which of the following is true about the electron configurations of the representative elements? a. The highest occupied s and p sublevels are completely filled. b. The highest occupied s and p sublevels are partially filled. c. The electrons with the highest energy are in a d sublevel. d. The electrons with the highest energy are in an f sublevel.

b. The highest occupied s and p sublevels are partially filled.

Which of the following elements is a transition metal? a. cesium b. copper c. tellurium d. tin

b. copper

Which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus? a. carbon b. magnesium c. nitrogen d. oxygen

b. magnesium

Which of the following groupings contains only representative elements? a. Cu, Co, Cd b. Ni, Fe, Zn c. Al, Mg, Li d. Hg, Cr, Ag

c. Al, Mg, Li

What is another name for the transition metals? a. noble gases b. Group A elements c. Group B elements d. Group C elements

c. Group B elements

Which of the following categories includes the majority of the elements? a. metalloids b. liquids c. metals d. nonmetals

c. metals

To what category of elements does an element belong if it is a poor conductor of electricity? ____ a. transition elements b. metalloids c. nonmetals d. metals

c. nonmetals

The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic ____. a. mass b. charge c. number d. radius

c. number

Which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy? a. sodium b. calcium c. potassium d. magnesium

c. potassium

Which of the following electron configurations is most likely to result in an element that is relatively inactive? a. a half-filled energy sublevel b. a filled energy sublevel c. one empty and one filled energy sublevel d. a filled highest occupied principal energy level

d. a filled highest occupied principal energy level

Atomic size generally a. increases as you move from left to right across a period. b. decreases as you move from top to bottom within a group. c. remains constant within a period. d. decreases as you move from left to right across a period.

d. decreases as you move from left to right across a period.

Which block on the periodic table contains the actinide series of elements? a. s-block c. d-block b. p-block d. f-block

d. f-block

ionization energy

energy required to remove an electron from an atom

period

horizontal row in the periodic table

atomic radius

one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms are joined

electrons

subatomic particles that are transferred to form positive and negative ions

transition metal

type of element characterized by the presence of electrons in the d orbital

metal

type of element that is a good conductor of heat and electric current

group

vertical column in the periodic table