Chem Exam #2 CH 14, ExAM #2 CH 13, Chem Exam #2 Ch 15
Butyric acid (butanoic acid) Rancid butter
(CH3CH2CH2COOH)
Propanoic acid swiss cheese
(CH3CH2COOH)
Acetic Acid vinegar
(CH₃COOH)
Formic acid ants
(HCOOH)
In *basic solution*, the product is the ?
*carboxylic acid anion* BASE
What suffix is used in the names of organic esters? -al -ol -ide -one -ate
-ate
m-Toluidine
1,3
Which of the following has the higher boiling piont? 1-Propanol or Propanone
1-Propanol (its an alcohol)
IUPAC CH₃CH₂CH₃NH₂
1-propanamine
ortho
1/2
meta
1/3
Para
1/4
Acid Anhydride
2 esters
3-Octonone ⁺H₂→?
3-Octanol
What is the I.U.P.A.C. name of the following compound? CH3CH(Cl)CH2COOH 2-chlorobutanoic acid 2-chloropropanoic acid 3-chlorobutanoic acid 3-chloropropanoic acid 3-chloro-1-propanoic acid
3-chlorobutanoic acid
Oxidation is recognized as ?
A loss of a Hydrogen atoms or the gain of Oxygen atoms
Hemiacetal →
Acetal
What will a Hemiactetal form? CH3CH2COHOCH3 ₊ CH3OH ⇌ ? Hemiacetal Methanol
Acetal= (two Ethers) + H₂O CH3CH2-COCH₃-OCH₃ ₊ H₂O
Ethanal
Acetaldehyde
What is the common name of the following compound? CH3-CO-CH3
Acetone
Synthesis of Acid Anhydrides
Acid chloride→Carboxylate ion(R²COO⁻)→ Acid Anhydride + Cl⁻
R₁-CO-R₂ ₊ H-OR₃ ⇌ R¹-R₂COH-OR³ +HOR⁴
Addition reactions ketone + alcohol →Hemiacetal
*Hydrogenation* of and Aldehyde or a Ketone →H-H→produces →?
Alcohol
Because of the dipole-dipole attractions between molecules.
Aldehydes and ketones boil at higher temperatures than hydrocarbons or ethers that have the same number of carbon atoms or are of equivilant molar mass.
All simple sugars (monosaccharides) are either?
Aldehydes or Ketones
Tertiary amine
An amine in which the central nitrogen atom is connected to 3 carbon atoms.
Benzaldehyde→[o]→? (aldeyhyde)
Benzoic Acid (carboxylic acid)
What compound is produced by the oxidation of benzaldehyde? benzyl ether None of the choices are correct. benzoic acid benzene phenol
Benzoic acid
Carboxylic acids BP
Boil at higher temps than aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.
What is the correct I.U.P.A.C. name of the compound shown? CH3-CH2-COCH3
Butanone
Butanamine
Butylamine CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
Butanal
Butyraldehyde
Octanoic acid
CH3(CH2)6COOH
Caproic acid (hexanoic acid) Goat fat
CH3(CH2)₄COOH
Valeric acid (pentanoic acid) Valerian root
CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH
Acetic acid +Strong base (NaOH) → CH₃COOH + NaOH→
CH₃COO⁻Na⁺ + H₂O Sodium acetate + water
Ester
Carboxyl group is embeded
Acid base reaction (Dissociation) 5%
Carboxyl*ate* anion + hydrogen ion (ACID) R-COOH ⇌R-COO⁻ + H⁺
Pimary alcohol or Aldehyde → ?
Carboxylic acid
Esterification a condensation reaction (reverse of acid hydrolysis of esters)
Carboxylic acid +OH ⇌ Ester +H₂O
Amide
Carboxylic acid+ Amine
Aldehydes →oxidize →?
Carboxylic acids
CN CH₃NHCH₃
Dimethylamine
N-methymethanamine
Dimethylamine (CH3)2NH
Acid-base reactions are also called ___________ reactions.
Double replacement reactions
When carboxylic acids react with alcohols they for? Carboxylic acid + Alcohol → ?
Ester
Acid hydrolysis of esters (reverse of Esterification)
Ester +H₂O⇌ Carboxylic acid +OH
What is the I.U.P.A.C. name of the compound produced in the liver that is responsible for the symptoms of a hangover? ethanol acetic acid 2-propanol ethanal acetone
Ethanal
Give the I.U.P.A.C. name of the product of the following partial oxidation reaction: CH3CH2OH----→ ?
Ethanal (because it is a primary alcohol it will oxidize to an aladehyde)
ethanal→KMnO₄→? potassium permanganate
Ethano*ate* (Acetate anion)
Ethanal + [O]→ ?
Ethanoic acid
Name the following compound CH₃COOH
Ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
CN CH₃CH₂NH₂
Ethylamine
ethanamine
Ethylamine CH3CH2NH2
CN CH₃CH₂NHCH₃
Ethylmethylamine
A hemiacetal contains two ether functional groups. T or F
False
A ketone can be reduced to a primary alcohol. T or F
False
Most carboxylic acids are strong acids. T or F
False
The oxidation of formaldehyde produces acetic acid. T or F
False
Methanal
Formaldehyde
What type of product does this reaction yeild? CH3CH2COH ₊CH3OH⇌ ? Pronanal Methanol
Hemiacetal= (an Ether & Alcohol) CH3CH2COHOCH3
Which of the following will give a silver mirror when treated with Tollens' reagent? 1-pentanol 2-pentanone propanone 2-pentanol Hexanal
Hexanal
Name the following compound HOOC-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-COOH
Hexand*dioic acid* (adipic acid)
The carbonyl compound is reacted with hydrogen gas & a catalyst (nickel,platinum,palladium metal) in a pressurized vessel (Pd) Aldeyhyde ₊ H₂ ---→ Alcohol or (hydrogen) gas Ketone
Hydrogenation
IUPAC CH₃NH₂
Methanamine
Propanoic acid +Methanol ⇌
Methyl Propanoate + H₂O example of esterification
Butanone
Methyl ethyl ketone
CN CH₃NH₂
Methylamine
Ammonia
NH3
Primary Amides are produced by reduction of a nitro compound as in the following reaction
Nitro compound→[H]→ an aromatic 1° Amine replace the O₂ in the nitro with a Hydrogen
Tertiary alcohols undergo?
No reaction
Carboxylate ion
O⁻
Formation of a Phosphoester
PhoSphoric acid+OH→Phospate ester +H₂O
Aldehyde ⁺ H₊ →
Primary Alcohol
Which of the following has the higher boiling piont? Methoxyethane or Propanal
Propanal (its an aldehyde)
Name the following compound HOOC-CH₂-COOH
Propane*dioic acid* (malonic acid)
Propanal
Propionaldehyde
Propanamine
Propylamine CH3CH2CH2NH2
Oxidation of an aldehyde
R-COH -→ R-COOH
Secondary amine
R-NH-R
Primary amine
R-NH2
Amide
RCONH2
Neutralization
RCOOH + NaOH→ RCOO⁻Na + H₂O (BASE) carboxylic acid *salt* + water
Amine
RNH2
How to create a primary amine
R¹-CO-NR²R³→[H]→R¹-CH₂-NR²R³ Amide +[H] → 1° Amine
Ketone ⁺ H₊ →
Secondary Alcohol
Which of the following is a suitable word for the sodium salt of a long-chain fatty acid? triglyceride ester bile salt esterate soap
Soap
Define Hemiacetal
The alkoxy group of the alcohol (-OR) adds to the carbonyl carbon.
Benzoic acid
The simplest aromatic Carboxylic acid
The most common lab test for aldehydes is ?
Tollens test
N,N-Dimethymethanlamine
Trimethylamine (CH3)3N
ATP is the universal "energy currency" of all living cells. T or F
True
Benedict's test can be used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone. T or F
True
Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. T or F
True
In any pair of keto-enol tautomers, the keto form is generally more stable than the enol. T or F
True
Small (low molecular weight) aldehyde molecules are generally more water-soluble than large ones. T or F
True
The carboxyl group is found in all fatty acids. T or F
True
The oxidation of isopropyl alcohol produces propanone. T or F
True
Pentanal
Valeraldehyde
The oxidation of a secondary alcohol produces??
a Ketone
The principal reaction of the carbonyl group is the ?
addition reaction
Which one of the following types of compounds can react with a carboxylic acid to form an ester? aldehyde acetate alcohol ether acyl chloride
alcohol
What class of compounds is represented by the general formula RCHO? alcohols aldehydes ketones
aldehydes = what general formula
The oxidation of a *primary alcohol* produces ??
an Aldehyde
Which of the following is the term that means any compound that acts as a pain killer? prostaglandin analgesic analpheric pheromone hydrophilic
analgesic
Analine Benzeneamine
benzene with NH2
What is the name of the organic product formed when the compound shown is oxidized? CH3CH2COHCH3---→ ?
butanone
What is the name of the organic product of the reaction shown? CH3CH2CH3COOH→[PCl₃]→ butanoyl chloride diacetyl acid chloride butyl acid chloride ethyl acid chloride propyl acid chloride
butanoyl chloride
What is the name of the -COOH functional group? hemiacetal carbonyl carboxyl ether ester
carboxyl
What kind of compound is produced by the oxidation of an aldehyde? acetone hemiacetal alcohol carboxylic acid alkane
carboxylic acid
Saponification
ester + H₂O →R¹COO⁻Na⁺ +R²OH ester₊ water→salt₊ alcohol
Reduction of aldeyhydes and ketones .
forms alcohols.
What kind of compound is produced by the reaction of an aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of acid? Aldehyde ⁺ OH ----→ ?
hemiacetal
What carboxylic acid is produced in muscle cells during strenuous exercise? None of the choices are correct. citric acid lactic acid oxalic acid adipic acid
lactic acid
What is the I.U.P.A.C. name for the missing product in the following equation? Ethanoic acid ₊ Methanol → H₂O ₊ ? methyl ethyl ketone 2-propanone ethyl methanoate 3-propanone methyl ethanoate
methyl ethanoate
Methanamine
methylamine CH3NH2
Name the salt formed by the reaction of butanoic acid and potassium hydroxide. potassium butanoate potassium buterate potassium butanal potassium butanol potassium butanone
potassium butanoate
For secondary and tertiary amines we name them with the
prefix N-alkyl N-Methylethanamine
Tertiary amine's have smaller BP than
primary and secondary amines
What is the I.U.P.A.C. name of the three carbon aldehyde? 1-propanal propanol butanal propanal
propanal
Acid Chlorides
replace the -ic acid with -yl chloride or the -oic acid with oyl chloride
Amines are very ______ in water
soluble
What is the chemical meaning of the word "enol," as used in "*keto-enol* tautomerism"?
structure contains double bond (ene) and hydoxyl group (ol)
If you dissolve a carboxylic acid in water what will happen
the H will come off forming a Carboxylate anion O⁻
Hydrogenation of aldehydes or keones is when ?
the double bond is broken and the -al or -one is reduced to an -ol
The longer the chain
the less soluble in water
Propanone
the most simplest ketone Acetone
Which of the following pairs of molecules can together undergo the aldol condensation reaction? an aldehyde and an alcohol an aldehyde and water a ketone and an alcohol two aldehydes
two aldehydes
In Condensation reactions
water is a product