Chem Final
STP for pressure is how many atm? mmHg? Torr? KPa?
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 101.3 KPa
STP for Volume is how many mol/g? L?
1 mol/g = 22.4 L
What is the moles ratio of Fe2S3 to O2 in the reaction Fe2S3 + 4 O2 -----> 2 FeO + 3 SO2?
1:4
Di means what? (Systematic Name)
2
Convert 352 cm to 1m
3.52
Tetra means what? (Systematic Name)
4
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction below if a tank was found to contain 0.106 M O2, 0.00652 M SO3, and 0.00129 M SO2. 2 SO3 (g) <=====> 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
4.15 x 10^-3
Pure Substances can be classified as ______________
An element or compound
P1V1 = P2V2 is the equation for what gas law?
Boyle's Law
V1/T1 = V2/T2 is the equation for what gas law?
Charles' Law
What is the compound for Iron (II) Chloride?
FeCl2
Ionic Bonds have what type of electrical conductivity?
Only when dissolved in water, not as a solid
Ionic Bonds consist of ______________ electrons.
Oppositely Charged
To identify these, look at the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the reaction and the one that is less in the product was reduced. This is known as the __________
Oxidizing Agent
The amount obtained divided by the maximum possible amount is _______________ yield.
Percentage
What is the Mass Number?
Protons + Neutrons
The substance that causes another substance to reduce is known as the ________
Reducing Agent
Redox Reaction is short for _________ __________
Reduction Reaction
A compound has ______________
Two or more elements
PV = nRT is the equation for what gas law?
Ideal Gas Law
High Polarity, Formed between a metal and a non-metal, Indefinite Shape, and high melting and boiling points are all examples of...
Ionic Bonds
The amount of energy required to remove a loosely bound electron to form a cation is called what?
Ionization Energy
"An increase in concentration on one side of an equation drives the reaction to the opposite side" is known as.....
Le Chaterlier's Principle
What is the systematic name for PbBr4?
Lead (IV) Bromide
What is the systematic name for MnCl2?
Manganese (II) Chloride
Li, Na, and K are in what group on the periodic table? And is it a metal or nonmetal?
Metal, Alkali Metals
Be, Mg, and Ca are in what group on the periodic table? And is it a metal or nonmetal?
Metal, Alkaline Earth Metal
Metals usually ______ one or more electrons to form _______, which have a ________ charge.
lose; cations; positive charge
How many grams of Fluorine are required to produce 20.0g of FeF3 from the reaction? 2 FeF3 -----> 2 Fe + 3 F2
10.2 F2
Hecto_____ is how many?
100 (10^2)
Kilo____ is how many?
1000 (10^3)
Calculate the enthalpy for the following reaction: N2 + O2 -----> 2 NO N2 = 226, O2 = 199, NO = 145
135
How many moles of Carbon are needed to produce 66.0g of Carbon Monoxide? 2 C + O2 -----> 2 CO
2.36 mol C
5,670,000 has how many sig figs?
3
567.0 has how many sig figs?
4
To balance this equation, fill in the blanks for the coeffcients. ___Al (s) + ___Br2 (I) ---> ___Al2Br3 (s)
4;3;2
In the reaction shown, what is the mole ratio that would be used to determine the number of moles of H2 that would be produced when 3.5 moles of AlCl3 are produced? 2 Al + 6 HCl -----> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
5.25 = mol H2
What volume will be occupied by 8.00 g of oxygen, O2, at STP?
5.60 L
What is Avogadro's Number?
6.022 x 10^23
The difference in energy between reactants and the maximum energy is ____________ _____________.
Activation Energy
The amount of product actually produced is ________________ yield.
Actual
What kind of molecules have Dipole-Dipole bonds?
Attractions between polar molecules
A sample of CO2 gas at 100 C has a volume of 250 mL at 760 mmHg. How many moles of CO2 are present?
.00816 mol CO2
How many moles of gas are present in a 10.0-liter sample at STP?
.446 mol
STP for Temperature is how many Celsius? Kelvin?
0 C = 273.15 K
Milli____ is how many?
0.001 (10^-3)
How many grams of C will be consumed when 5.00 grams of Na2SO4 react according to the balanced reaction shown? Na2SO4 + 2 C ------> Na2S + 2 CO2
0.7 g
This law states "At a constant temperature and constant amount of gas, Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional to one another" ......
Boyle's Law
50.0g of O2 contains how many moles of O2?
1.56 mol
If the temperature of a 1.75-liter sample of gas is changed from 30.0 C to 20.0 C at a constant pressure, what will be the new volume?
1.69
Deka____ is how many?
10 (10^1)
Metals from the left are always what type of ion?
Cations
This law states "At a constant pressure and constant amount of gas, Temperature and Volume are directly related to one another" .....
Charles' Law
Flammability and Combustion are examples of what property of matter?
Chemical (changing identity)
Solid
Definite Shape and Volume
What is the density formula?
Density = Mass / Volume
What type of reactions heat up or give heat to their surroundings?
Exothermic
Presence of a catalyst, Temperature of reactants, and Concentration of reactants are all......
Factors that affect Reaction Rates
What is the specific heat formula?
Heat = Specific Heat x Mass x ΔT
Fruit Salad is an example of a ...
Heterogeneous mixture (can tell the difference)
Ionic Compounds have what type of boiling points?
High melting and boiling
Sugar Water is an example of ...
Homogeneous mixture (can't tell the difference)
H-N, H-O, H-F are all examples of.....
Hydrogen Bonds
The strongest intermolecular force is known as.....
Hydrogen Force
What kind of molecules have Hydrogen bonds?
Hydrogen and another electronegative atom
The gas law that consists of 4 variables (Pressure, Volume, Moles, Temperature) and solving if you know 3 of the 4 variables is.....
Ideal Gas Law
Liquid
Indefinite Shape and Definite Volume
Gas
Indefinite Shape and Indefinite Volume
The systematic name for ICl3 is?
Iodine Trichloride
Molecules that have GAINED or LOST one or more valence electrons giving it a net positive or net negative charge
Ions
Ionic Compounds are formed from __________
Metals and Nonmetals
In the reaction Ag+ + NO3- + Na+ + Cl- -----> NO3- + Na+ + AgCl what are the spectator ions?
NO3- and Na+
B, C, N, O, P, S, Cl, F, are in what group on the periodic table?
Nonmetals
An element has ___________
One type of atom
Which way does the arrow have to be emission?
Right
The calculated or expected amount of product is ______________ yield.
Theoretical
Roman Numerals are only used in what kind of elements?
Transition Metals (Ex. FeCl2 - Iron (II) Chloride)
Formula for finding moles
n = m/M
Catalysts work by decreasing the value of.......
Eact (Activation Energy)
The neutral atom's likelihood of gaining an electron to for an anion is called what?
Electron Affinity
When determining Charge Clouds, just look at the _______ _______ around the atom
Electron Pairs
V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu are in what group on the periodic table? And is it a metal or nonmetal?
Metal, Transition Metals
Distinguishing Luster (Shine), Malleable and Flexible as solids, Conducts heat and electricity, basic and ionic. These are all characteristics of...
Metals
To find the molar mass, you have to __________ the ___________ and the __________ together.
Multiply; Atomic Number; Subscript (Ex. H2: 1.007 x 2 = 2.014)
In the reaction AgNO3 (aq) +NaCl (aq) -----> AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq) what are the spectator ions?
NaNO3 (aq)
When a reaction is Exothermic; ΔH is ___________.
Negative
Neutrons have a what charge? Where are they? Weight?
No charge, inside nucleus, 1 amu
Mono, Di, Tri, and Tetra are only used when dealing with what kind of elements?
Non-Metals (Ex. Iodine Trichloride)
When electrons are shared equally, these form what kind of Covalent Bonds?
Non-polar Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds have what type of electrical conductivity?
None (Neither in pure form or dissolved in water)
He, Ne, Ar, and Kr are in what group on the periodic table? And is it a metal or nonmetal?
Nonmetal, Noble Gases
Non-Lustrous (No Shine), Brittle, Poor conductors, acidic and compounds. These are characteristics of...
Nonmetals
What is the Atomic Number?
Number of Protons
The substance that causes the oxidation in another molecule is known as the __________
Oxidizing Agent
Shape, Odor, Taste, and Color are examples of what property of matter?
Physical (without changing identity)
Boiling, Freezing, Melting, and Cutting are all examples of what type of change?
Physical Changes (Where it can be changed back)
When electrons are shared unequally and are partly ionic, these form __________ __________
Polar Covalent Bonds
When a reaction is Endothermic; ΔH is ___________.
Positive
When chemicals in a solution react to form a solid, it forms what type of reaction?
Precipitation Reaction
Which radiation particles are the slowest moving particles?
"Alpha" Radiation Partcles
Which radiation particles have a +2 charge?
"Alpha" Radiation Particles
Which radiation particles are medium moving particles?
"Beta" Radiation Particles
Which radiation particles have a -1 charge?
"Beta" Radiation Particles
Which radiation particles are the fastest moving particles?
"Gamma" Radiation Particles
Which radiation particles have no charge?
"Gamma" Radiation Particles
Protons have a what charge? Where are they? Weight?
+ charge, inside nucleus, 1 amu
All group 1A (Alkali Metals) have what kind of oxidation number?
+1
Electrons have a what charge? Where are they? Weight?
- charge, outside nucleus, 2000x lighter than Protons/Neutrons
(Polyatomic Ions) Chlorate and Chlorite
-1
(Polyatomic Ions) Chromate
-2
(Polyatomic Ions) Phosphate
-3
Convert 4.2 mm to 1 km
.0000042km
Micro______ is how many?
0.000001 (10^-6)
Centi____ is how many?
0.01 (10^-2)
Deci____ is how many?
0.1 (10^-1)
Mono means what? (Systematic Name)
1
Find the Molar Mass of C6H12O6
180.1446
How many molecules are in 0.34 moles of C6H12O6
2.047 x 10^23
CH3CO2H has how many valence electrons?
24
Dinitrogen oxide (N2O), laughing gas, is used by dentists as an anesthetic. If 20.0 L tank of laughing gas contains 2.86 moles of N2O at 23 C what is the pressure (mmHg) in the tank?
2640 mmHg
Tri means what? (Systematic Name)
3
C12H7Cl13O2 has how many atoms present?
34
How many moles of oxygen are needed to react with 7.2 moles of propane (C3H8)? C3H8 + 5 O2 -----> 3 CO2 + 4H2O
36.0 mol O2
A sealed container with gas at 2.00 atm is heated from 20.0K to 40.0K. The new pressure is...
4.00 atm
A mixture of the gases N2, O2, and He has a total pressure of 760 mmHg. If the partial pressure of N2 is 90 mmHg of O2 is 270 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of He?
400 mmHg
A sample of gas has a volume of 135 Ml AT 0.600 ATM. What would be the volume if the pressure is decreased to 0.200 atm while temperature is held constant?
405
0.0056700 has how many sig figs?
5
0.0532 is what in Scientific Notation?
5.32 x 10^-2
What is the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide in this reaction if 39.6 g of ethanol, C2H5OH, is burned in the presence of 54.8 g of oxygen? C2H5OH + 3 O2 -----> 2 CO2 + 3 H2O
50.2
A sample of Helium has a volume of 480 mL at 47.0 C and 740 mmHg. The temperature is lowered to 22.0 C and the pressure changed to 625mmHg. What is the new volume?
524
5.320 x 10^2 is what in Conventional Notation?
532.0
During liposuction, a physician removes adipose tissue from a person's body. If body fat has a density of 0.94 g/mL and 3.0 L of fat are removed, how many pounds of fat were removed from the patient? (1 lb = 454 g)
6.2 lb
You have used 320 L of distilled water for a dialysis patient. How many gallons of water is that? (1 gal = 3.7854 L)
85 gal
What kind of molecules have London-Dispersion bonds?
All of them have this
Gases from the right are always what type of ion?
Anions
Ions with a negative charge
Anions
What is ΔT ?
Change in heat (final - initial)
Burning, Rust, and Combustion are all examples of what type of change?
Chemical Changes (Where it can't be changed back)
Reactants being consumed at the same rate they are being produced are known as....
Chemical Equilibriums
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2 is the equation for what gas law?
Combined Gas Law
This law states "Combines Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws into one expression. With this equation we can see how changing more than one variable affects it." .....
Combined Gas Law
What is Nuclear Fusion?
Combining of small and large nuclei
Low Polarity, Formed between two non-metals, Definite Shape, and low melting and boiling points are all examples of...
Covalent Bonds
A medium intermolecular force is known as.....
Dipole-Dipole Force
"The mass of products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants" is the Law of ____________
the Conservation of Mass
Ions with a positive charge
Cations
(Polyatomic Ions) Cyanide
-1
(Polyatomic Ions) Hydrogen Carbonate
-1
(Polyatomic Ions) Nitrite and Nitrate
-1
F (Florine) always has what kind of oxidation number?
-1
Hydrogen has what kind of oxidation number if bonded to a metal?
-1
(Polyatomic Ions) Carbonate
-2
(Polyatomic Ions) Peroxide
-2
(Polyatomic Ions) Sulfate and Sulfite
-2
O (Oxygen) always has what kind of oxidation number?
-2
Hydrogen has what kind of oxidation number if bonded to a non-metal?
+1
All group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals) have what kind of oxidation number?
+2
What is the charge of this ion: Iron (II)
+2
What is the charge of this ion: Iron (III)
+3
The oxidation number of sulfur in calcium sulfate, CaSO4 is ___________.
+6
Determine the number of moles of water produced when one mole of NH3 reacts according to the balanced reaction shown. 4 NH3 + 5 O2 -----> 4 NO + 6 H2O
1.5
An imaginary element Xq consists of two isotopes having masses of 100.0 amu and 102.0 amu a sample of Xq was found to contain 20.0% of the 100Xq isotope and 80.0% of the 102Xq. Calculate the atomic weight of Xq.
101.6
Fluorine-18, which has a half-life of 110 minutes, is used in PET scans. If 200 mg of fluorine-18 is shipped at 8:00am, how many milligrams of the radioisotope are still active if the sample arrives at the radiology lab at 3:20pm?
12.5
What type of reactions cool or take heat from their surroundings?
Endothermic
Sublimation is a ____________________ reaction and involves a _________ in entropy.
Endothermic; Increase
The sum of the internal energy of a system and product of pressure and volume is known as what?
Enthalpy
What does ΔH mean?
Enthalpy Change; Whether something absorbs or emits heat
Measure of disorder and randomness in a system is know as what?
Entropy
Deposition is a ___________________ reaction and involves a _____________ in entropy.
Exothermic; Decrease
Nuclear Fusion occurs in what type of temperatures and how much energy is released?
Extremely high temperatures and large amount of energy is released
True/False - Ionic Compounds conduct electricity as a solid
False
True/False - ΔH means Entropy Change
False
Volume and Shape depend on the container and no intermolecular attraction whatsoever describes which state of matter?
Gas
P1/T1 = P2/T2 is the equation for what gas law?
Gay-Lussac's Law
This law states "When gas pressure is directly related to temperature. When the temperature is increased, the gas is increased. Vice Versa." ......
Gay-Lussac's Law
What happens in a Reduction Reaction?
Gives an electron to a substance (Makes it more negative)
Disordered systems have _______ entropy and ________ ΔS
High; Positive
According to Boyle's Law, Volume and Pressure are ____________ proportional.
Inversely
Volume stays the same, but shape depends on container and has moderate intermolecular attraction describes which state of matter?
Liquid
The weakest intermolecular force is known as....
London-Dispersion Force
Ordered systems have ________ entropy and ________ ΔS
Low; Negative
Which change to this reaction system would cause the equilibrium to shift to the right? N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) <=====> 2 NH3 (g) + heat
Lowering the Temperature
To identify these, look at the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the reaction and the one that is greater in the product was oxidized. This is known as the ________
Reducing Agent
Covalent Bonds consist of _________ electrons.
Shared
Rapid Reactions have __________ activation energy.
Small
Ionic Bonds can exist as what at room temperature?
Solid
Volume and shape are always constant and strong intermolecular attraction describes which state of matter?
Solid
Covalent Bonds can exist as what at room temperature?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Pure Substances have ___________ composition.
Specific
Ions that don't actually do anything are....
Spectator Ions
What happens in an Oxidation Reaction?
Takes an electron from a substance (Makes it more positive)
What is Nuclear Fission?
The nucleus splits into smaller nuclei?
True/False - In Le Chaterlier's Principle, Adding Reactants adds Products
True
True/False - In Le Chaterlier's Principle, Removing Reactants removes Products
True
True/False - Ionic Compounds are very strong and takes a lot of energy to break them
True
True/False - Ionic Compounds only conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted
True
Gallons, Cubic Centimeters, Liters, and Milliliters are all measurements of...
Volume
What is Deposition?
When a gas turns directly into a solid
What is Sublimation?
When a solid turns directly into a gas
When do you use Avogadro's Number?
When calculating Molecules from Moles
The Chemical Equilibrium equation of A + 2 B <=====> 2 C + D is?
[C]2[D] / [A][B]2
Gases (Nonmetals) usually ________ one or more electrons to form ______ which have a ________ charge.
gain; anions, negative charge
The position of the equilibrium for a system where K = 4.6 x 10-15 can be described as being favored to _____; the concentration of products is relatively ____.
the left (reactants); small