Chem. Health Science: Ch. 7 Gases
Match each gas law with its corresponding equation. Gas Law: - Gay-Lussac's law - Charles's law - Boyle's law - Combined gas law Equation: - P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 - P1/T1 = P2/T2 - V1/T1 = V2/T2 - P1V1 = P2V2
Gay-Lussac's law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 Charles's law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 Boyle's law: P1/V1 = P2/V2 Combined gas law: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
If a 5.0 L container of helium gas has a pressure of 1.0 atm, what is the new volume if the pressure is increased to 5.0 atm? a) 1.0 atm b) 25 L c) 1.0 L d) 5.0 L
c) 1.0 L
A gas _____ predicts how a gas will behave when variables like pressure, temperature, and volume are changed.
law
Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the _____ pressure of its component gases.
partial
Often, amounts of gases are compared at a standard _____ and _____, abbreviated as STP.
temperature, pressure
When performing any gas law calculation, what unit must be used for temperature?
Kelvin
Pressure is defined as _____ exerted per unit _____.
force, area
Arrange the three states of matter in order of increasing kinetic energy of the particles; i.e., with the lowest energy state at the top. - liquid - solid - gas
1) solid 2) liquid 3) gas
When using the ideal gas law, the correct value of R must be used. If given pressure in atm, volume in liters, and temperature in K, what value of R should be used based on the units given? a) 0.0821 L atm/mol K b) 62.4 mL atm/mol K c) 0.0821 L mmHg/mol K d) 62.4 L mmHg/mol K
a) 0.0821 L atm/mol K
Identify the three states of matter. Select all that apply. a) gas b) solution c) solid d) liquid
a) gas c) solid d) liquid
Select the conversion factor needed to convert from atm to torr. a) 1 torr/760 atm b) 1 atm/760 torr c) 760 torr/1 atm d) 760 atm/1 torr
c) 760 torr/1 atm
The ideal gas law can be rearranged to solve for any value; P, V, n, or T. Select all the equations that correctly describe the ideal gas law. a) PV/nR = T b) n = RT/PV c) V = nPRT d) V = nRT/P
a) PV/nR = T d) V = nRT/P
The partial pressures of components of a gas mixture can be calculated if the _____ composition and total pressure are known.
percent
Charles's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the _____ of the gas is proportional to its Kelvin temperature.
volume
A sample of neon gas contains 3.0 mol in a volume of 5.0 L. Calculate the new volume if the amount of neon is increased to 6.0 mol. (Using Avogadro's law, solve for V2) a) 2.5 L b) 10. L c) 7.5 L d) 3.6 L
b) 10. L
In order to solve gas law problems, the equations are rearranged to isolate the unknown quantity on one side of the equation. Select all the equations that correctly rearrange Boyle's law. a) P2 = P1V2/V1 b) P1 = P2V2/V1 c) V2 = P1V1/P2 d) V1 = P2V2/P1
b) P1 = P2V2/V1 c) V2 = P1V1/P2 d) V1 = P2V2/P1
Blood pressure is measured using _____ as the unit of pressure. a) atm b) mm Hg c) psi d) Pa
b) mm Hg
Select the units used for pressure. Select all that apply. a) torr b) psi c) mm Hg d) mm e) atm
a) torr b) psi c) mm Hg e) atm
How many moles of argon gas are contained in a 10.0 L container at standard temperature and pressure? (Using STP: 10.0L x 1mol/22.4L = _____) a) 0.446 mol b) 2.24 mol c) cannot determine d) 224 mol
a) 0.446 mol
A weather balloon contains helium at 760. mm Hg and 200. K. What is the pressure inside the weather balloon if the temperature is increased to 300. K? a) 1140 mm Hg b) 570. mm Hg c) 998 mm Hg d) 507 mm Hg
a) 1140 mm Hg
If 1.2 moles of a gas occupy a volume of 2.0 L at 300 K, what is the pressure of the gas? a) 15 atm b) 720 atm c) 0.4 atm
a) 15 atm
Arrange the three states of matter in order of increasing density; i.e., with the least dense at the top. - solid - gas - liquid
1) gas 2) liquid 3) solid
Select the statement that correctly describes Boyle's law. a) for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure and volume of the gas are inversely related b) there is no relationship between the pressure of a gas and its volume c) for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is proportional to the volume
a) for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure and volume of the gas are inversely related
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), what volume does 1 mole of gas occupy? a) 1.0 L b) 22.4 L c) 22.4 mL d) not enough information is provided
b) 22.4 L
A volume of gas occupies 25.0 L at 100 degrees Celsius. What volume does the gas occupy at 200 degrees Celsius? (First, convert Celsius to Kelvin) a) 50.0 L b) 31.7 L c) 18.3 L d) 25.0 L e) 63.4 L
b) 31.7 L
The temperature of a constant volume of a gas at 1.00 atm is 25 degrees Celsius. In order to increase the pressure to 2.00 atm, what temperature is needed? (First, convert to Kelvin) a) 12.5 degrees Celsius b) 323 degrees Celsius c) 50 degrees Celsius d) 149 degrees Celsius
b) 323 degrees Celsius
Boyle's law can be summarized by the equation P1V1 = P2V2. As the pressure increases, the volume _____. a) increases b) decreases c) remains constant
b) decreases
Select all the statements that correctly describe a gas. (choose all) a) slow particle movement b) random arrangement of particles c) no interactions between particles d) low density e) highly organized arrangement of particles
b) random arrangement of particles c) no interactions between particles d) low density
When using the factor label method, how is the conversion factor selected? Select all that apply. a) the desired unit is placed in the denominator b) the desired unit is placed in the numerator c) the unwanted unit is placed in the numerator d) the unwanted unit is placed in the denominator
b) the desired unit is placed in the numerator d) the unwanted unit is placed in the denominator
The ideal gas law relates all the properties of gases into a single equation. Select all the properties that are represented in the ideal gas law. a) R (universal gas constant) b) volume (V) c) mass (m) d) pressure (P) e) temperature (T)
b) volume (V) d) pressure (P) e) temperature (T)
Which of the following statements correctly reflect Avogadro's law? Select all that apply. a) V1n1 = V2n2 b) when the number of moles of a gas increase, the volume increases c) the number of moles of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume d) V1/n1 = V2/n2
b) when the number of moles of a gas increase, the volume increases d) V1/n1 = V2/n2
Which statements correctly describe principles of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases? Select all that apply. a) the kinetic energy of gas particles decreases with increasing temperature b) gas particles exert strong attractive forces on each other c) gas particles move randomly and rapidly d) the size of gas particles is small compared to the space between the particles e) when gas particles collide with the walls of the container, they exert a pressure
c) gas particles move randomly and rapidly d) the size of gas particles is small compared to the space between the particles e) when gas particles collide with the walls of the container, they exert a pressure
According to Gay-Lussac's law, if you increase the temperature of a gas, the pressure would _____ if all other variables remained constant. a) decrease b) not change c) increase
c) increase
If a balloon contains 1.0 L of air at 300 K, what volume does the balloon occupy at 150 K? a) 1.0 L b) 10 L c) 2.0 L d) 0.5 L
d) 0.5 L
If a balloon has 2.0 L of helium at 273 K and 1.0 atm of pressure, what is the new volume if the temperature is raised to 300 K and the pressure is lowered to 0.5 atm? (Use the combined gas law to find V2) a) 9.1 L b) 1.1 L c) 0.90 L d) 4.4 L
d) 4.4 L
Select the equation that represents the ideal gas law. a) PV = R/nT b) P1V1 = P2V2 c) PV = nT d) PV = nRT
d) PV = nRT
Match the state of matter with the appropriate description of the arrangement of particles. State of Matter: - gas - liquid - solid Arrangement: - random arrangement but close together - random arrangement and far apart - fixed arrangement and very close together
gas: random arrangement and far apart liquid: random arrangement but close together solid: fixed arrangement and very close together