Chem Quiz 3 finalized

reverse osmosis

-A type of filtration that uses a filter with extremely small holes so no solids can come through. You need to put pressure on the water. Can remove dissolved substances. -Ex) creates drinkable ocean water; bottled water

decanting

-When you pour a liquid off of a solid. Carefully pouring of a liquid from a solid or from a heterogenous mixture that is not dissolved. - A way to separate heterogeneous mixtures

We have observed or created ______ Of different pure substances and are creating _______each year.

10s of millions, new ones

malleable

easy to shape or bend

Pure substances

elements and compounds

chemical properties

flammability and reactivity( w/ things like acid)

reactant

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

How is a compound different from an element

A compound is a combination of two or more elements chemically combined, while an element is the simplest form of matter

solubility

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature to produce a saturated substance

dissolving followed by gravity filtration

A mixture of two solids, where one will dissolves in water and the other would stay. To get the solid back you could boil the water.

heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture

Coumpound

A sample of matter that cannot be separated physically but can be separated chemically. Ex) Water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide.

Element

A sample of matter that cannot be separated physically or chemically. Ex) Iron, nickel, hellium.

How many phases does a solution have? Explain your answer.

A solution has one phase because it has a uniform composition throughout and is homogenous. An example of this is saltwater.

product

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

Classify each of the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures.

A. Chocolate chip ice cream -heterogenous B. Green ink- homogenous C. cake batter- heterogenous D. cooking oil- homogenous E. granite rock -heterogenous F.. saltwater-homogenous G. paint- homogenous oil-based paints are heterogeneous, while watercolor paints are homogenous. H. a silver ring -homogenous. Alloy-mixture of two or more metals. Alloys are always homogenous.

classify each of the following as a chemical change or a physical change. A. Plastic drink bottles are burned in an insert incinerator to generate electricity. B. Digesting a cereal bar. C. Water in a rain puddle evaporates. D. Slicing a tomato for a sandwich E. Plastic drink bottles are recycled to make fiberfill for ski jackets -

A. Plastic drink bottles are burned in an insert incinerator to generate electricity.- chemical B. Digesting a cereal bar.- chemical C. Water in a rain puddle evaporates.- physical D. Slicing a tomato for a sandwich.-physical E. Plastic drink bottles are recycled to make fiberfill for ski jackets -physical

How are a substance and a solution similar? How are they different?

Both are similar because they have compositions uniformed throughout and one phase. They are different because substances have definite Composition while a solution is a mixture of two or more substances. A solution can be separated physically but a substance can not.

Substances --------) Elements

Chemical

What pure substance can be broken down?

Compounds

What type of properties can be used to separate mixtures?

Differences in physical properties can be used to separate mixtures. Examples of these physical properties are filtration, the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. Another physical property used to separate mixtures is distillation when a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid.

What pure substance can not be broken down?

Elements

In general, when would you use filtration to separate a mixture? When would you use distillation to separate a mixture?

Filtration is used to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. An example of this is a coffee filter, separating the black solution from the beans. Distillation is used to separate different liquids or homogenous mixtures. For instance, separating water from the other components in tap water.

Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. Food coloring ice cubes in liquid water Mouthwash mashed, unpeeled potatoes

Food coloring - homogeneous mixture ice cubes in liquid water- heterogeneous mixture Mouthwash- homogeneous mixture mashed, unpeeled potatoes - a heterogeneous mixture

How can you distinguish a substance from a mixture

If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance. If a composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture.

A clear liquid in an open container is allowed to evaporate. After three days, a solid is left in the container. Was the clear liquid an element, a compound, or a mixture, How do you know

It was a mixture because the substances were not chemically combined.

Liquid A and Liquid B are clear liquids. They are placed in open containers and allowed to evaporate. When evaporation is complete, there is a white solid in container B but no solid in container A. From these results, what can you infer about the two liquids

Liquid B was actually a homogenous mixture that contained a dissolved solid. Liquid A had no dissolved substance.

Give three examples of when you have separated mixtures at home.

Making coffee using coffee beans, making tea using leaves, and boiling water. Straining pasta, taking something out of a salad,

Used table 2.1 to identify four substances that undergo a physical change if the temperature is reduced from 50 degrees Celsius to -50 degrees C. What is the physical change that takes place in each case?

Mercury would freeze. Bromine would freeze. Chlorine would condense. Finally, water will freeze.

How are mixtures classified?

Mixtures are classified based on the distribution of their components, mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures or as homogeneous mixtures. An example of a homogeneous mixture is olive oil and vinegar. An example of a heterogeneous mixture is chicken noodle soup.

Why in their Pearians displays that they are elements?

Nothing

Explain the term phase as it relates to homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Phase is used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties. A homogeneous mixture consists of a single-phase, while a heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more phases. Sugar and water is one phase, however, flour and water are two phases.

Mixtures --------) Substances

Physical

distillation

Separation by boiling and collecting substances as they vaporize. Passes vapor through a cooling tube and condenses it back to a liquid.

condensing

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

distillate

The liquid collected during distillation when the evaporated substance condenses

What is the goal of a distillation? Describe briefly how this goal is accomplished.

To separate a solid and a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. This is accomplished when a solution is boiled and then condensed from a gas to a liquid. The substances are heated slowly. Then, the mixtures are boiled one at a time and condensed one at a time.

Air is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, with small amounts of other Gases such as argon and carbon dioxide. What property could you use to separate the gases in air?

You can separate gases in the air uses fractional distillation. You can turn them into liquids and then distill them until they are separated. You could cool them slowly. The condensing point of nitrogen is -195.8 degrees C, oxygen is -183 degrees C, argon -185 degrees C, CO2 -78. 46 degrees C. The air is 80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, 1% argon, and less than 0.1 % CO2.If you cool these slowly these gases would condense (liquify or become solid).

Name two methods that can be used to break down compounds into simpler substances.

You can use electrolysis to break down compounds by passing an electric current through the compound, or you can burn a compound to get simpler substances.

What physical properties could be used to separate iron filings from table salt?

You could use a magnet to separate iron filings from table salt because iron is attracted to magnets, while table salt is not. The boiling and melting point. Since these substances have such different boiling points you can boil out the substance with the lower boiling point. Since these substances have different melting points you can melt out the substance with the lower melting point. After melting/ boiling you would need to filter these substances. Solubility is the ability to dissolve in something. The salt will dissolve, but the iron filings would not.

homogeneous mixture (solution)

a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished

substance (also referred to as 'pure substance')

a sample of matter with both definite and constant composition and distinct chemical properties.

precipitate

a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

Classify the following properties of the element silicon as chemical or physical properties: A. Plastic drink bottles are burned in an insert incinerator to generate electricity. B. Digesting a cereal bar. C. Water in a rain puddle evaporates. D. Slicing a tomato for a sandwich. E. Plastic drink bottles are recycled to make fiberfill for ski jackets

a. Blue-gray color- physical B. Brittle- physical C. Doesn't dissolve in water-physical D. Melts at 1410 degrees Celsius- physical e. Reacts vigorously was Fluorine-chemical Fluorine is extremely reactive and dangerous.

Classify Classify each of these samples of matter as an element, a compound, or a mixture. a. table sugar- b. tap water- c. cough syrup - d. nitrogen -

a. table sugar- compound b. tap water- mixture c. cough syrup -mixture d. nitrogen -element

Any new substance almost always has _____ in it.

carbon

physical properties

color, density, melting/ boiling points, smell, mallaebility.

vapor

describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

Everything around us is a

mixture

gravity filtration

separation of a solid and liquid in heterogenous mixtures. (Making coffee from beans).

centrifuging

spinning a mixture very fast , and the more dense substance will go to the outside.

Mixtures of types of matter is

substances

condenser (or cooling tube)

used to condense vapors that is, turn them into liquids by cooling them down. Used in distillation

phase

used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties