Chem Study Guide

alpha particle

A large atom decays and emits a particle. After the reaction is complete, the atom's mass has changed substantially. What kind of particle has most likely been emitted? -alpha particle -beta particle -positron -photon

more neutrons than protons.

A stable atom that has a large nucleus most likely contains: -more neutrons than protons. -more protons than neutrons. -equal numbers of protons and neutrons. -changing numbers of protons and neutrons.

1 and 2 only

A student writes the following statements about the relationship between mass defect and nuclear binding energy. 1. When an isotope's protons and neutrons come together to form a nuclide, a small amount of mass is converted to energy. 2. An equivalent amount of energy must be added to the nuclide to split apart its protons and neutrons. 3. Statement 1 describes the isotope's nuclear binding energy, and statement 2 describes the isotope's mass defect. Which statement is correct? -1 only -2 only -1 and 2 only -1, 2, and 3

gamma decay because photons have no mass

After a radioactive atom decays, it is the same element that it was before with no measurable change in mass. Which kind of decay has occurred, and how do you know? -alpha decay because alpha particles have no mass -beta decay because this kind of decay cannot change one element into another -alpha decay because it creates a new isotope of the same element -gamma decay because photons have no mass

table A

Consider the tables: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VQKGdy2DkEv75WDi3PSc7D_qtJDwc80luwmiTHmfX0o/edit (copy and paste into browser) Which table correctly describes the uses of aldehydes? table A table B table C table D

Nuclear fusion plays an important role in making elements that are heavier than helium.

Consider the three equations: Which statement do these reactions best support? -Beta decay occurs only in certain atoms. -Alpha decay occurs only in certain atoms. -Chain reactions play important roles in the process of nuclear fission. -Nuclear fusion plays an important role in making elements that are heavier than helium.

None, because the wall will block the radiation.

If an unshielded sample of radioactive material emits alpha particles, what effect will it have on a person sitting in the next room? (Assume the wall between rooms is composed of concrete.) -None, because the wall will block the radiation. -The radiation will travel through the person's body. -None, because the radiation will bounce off the person's body. -The radiation will be totally absorbed by the person's body.

uranium-238

In which isotope is the strong nuclear force not strong enough to balance electrostatic forces between protons? -carbon-13 -hydrogen-2 -neon-21 -uranium-238

40 over 18 K

The atomic symbol 40 over 19 K represents potassium-40 (K-40), a radioactive isotope that has 19 protons and 21 neutrons. Which atomic symbol could represent an isotope that results from the decay of K-40?

-alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column)

What headings should be used to complete the table? -ether (left column); ester (right column) -ketone (left column); aldehyde (right column) -alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column) -alcohol (left column); carboxylic acid (right column)

Nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

Which best describes nuclear fusion? -A nucleus spontaneously splits and absorbs energy. -Two nuclei spontaneously combine and absorb energy. -A nucleus collides with a neutron and splits, releasing energy. -Nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

two smaller, more stable nuclei

Which best describes what forms in nuclear fission? -two smaller, more stable nuclei -two larger, less stable nuclei -one smaller, less stable nucleus -one larger, more stable nucleus

aldehyde

Which class of organic compound is least likely to be used as an organic solvent? -aldehyde -ketone -alkyl halide -ether

The last/4th one

Which compound contains a triple bond?

-OH

Which functional group is found in methanol? R-O-R -NH\/2 -OH R-X

In an alcohol, a carbon atom is single bonded to a hydroxide group (OH-); in an ether, an oxygen atom is single bonded to two carbon atoms.

Which of the following best states the difference between an alcohol and an ether? -In an alcohol, a carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom; in an ether, a carbon atom is triple bonded to another carbon atom. -In an ether, a carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom; in an alcohol, a carbon atom is triple bonded to another carbon atom. -In an alcohol, a carbon atom is single bonded to a hydroxide group (OH-); in an ether, an oxygen atom is single bonded to two carbon atoms. -In an ether, a carbon atom is single bonded to a hydroxide group (OH-); in an alcohol, an oxygen atom is single bonded to two carbon atoms.

Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a typical carbon atom? -Carbon has a high melting point. -Carbon dissolves easily in water. -Carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds. -Carbon is one of the least common elements in the universe.

protons and neutrons

Which particles that make up an atom are involved in nuclear reactions? -protons only -protons and neutrons -electrons only -electrons and neutrons

a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fission

Which type of reaction does this diagram represent? -a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fission -a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fusion -a decrease in energy that is caused by nuclear fission -an increase in energy that is caused by nuclear fusion