chemical reactions/enzymes teas science

The general equation for a synthesis reaction is A + B ----> AB AB -----> A + B AB + CD ----> AC + BD

A + B --> AB

___energy, which is stored in physical systems such as machines, engines, or the human body, directly powers the movement of matter.

Mechanical

A chemical reaction's ____ energy is the "threshold" level of energy needed to break the bonds in the reactants. chemical activation potential kinetic

activation

The form of energy powering any type of matter in motion is ___ energy a. chemical b. kinetic c. potential d. reactional

b. kinetic

Chemical reactions require sufficient amount of energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be

broken and new ones formed

________ reactions release energy. Catabolic Exergonic Decomposition Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

catabolic, exergonic and decomposition

___ helps increase the rate and force at which atoms, ions, and molecules collide to increase the probability that their valence shell electrons will interact?

catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any change.

catalysts

___ is the form of potential energy in which energy is stored in chemical bonds.

chemical energy

AB→A+B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction. anabolic endergonic decomposition exchange

decomposition

In a ___ reaction, bonds between components of a larger molecules are broken, resulting in smaller products EX: AB ---> A + B

decomposition

___ energy supplied by electrolytes in cells and body fluids, contributes to the voltage changes that help transmit impulses in nerve and muscle cells.

electrical

chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are__? a. exergonic b. catabolism c. absorbed energy d. endergonic

endergonic

What is the reaction that require energy input, and the resulting molecule stores not only the chemical energy in the original components, but also the energy that fueled the reaction.

endergonic reactions

an ___ is a catalyst composed of protein or ribonucleic acid (RNA)

enzyme

Most of the chmical reactions in the body are facilitated by ___

enzymes

The most important catalysts in the human body are ___

enzymes

How do enzymes assist in helping the body function in a healthty matter

enzymes assist in the breakdown of food and its conversion to energy

in an ___ reaction, bonds are both formed and broken such that the components of the reactants are rearranged EX: AB + C --> A + BC

exchange

Chemical reactions that release more energy than they absorb are characterized as __? a. exergonic b. catabolism c. absorbed energy d. endergonic

exergonic

___ tend to react faster than liquids or solids

gases

Nearly all chemical reactions occur at a faster rate at ___ temperatures higher lower the same freezing

higher

The ___ the temperature, the ___ the particles move, and the more likely they are to come in contact and react.

higher, faster

Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction? hydrogen and hydrogen hydrogen and helium helium and helium neon and helium

hydrogen and hydrogen

In the human body where is potential energy stored? a. In the hypothalamus b. In the bonds between atoms and molecules c. in the chemical reactions of molecules

in the bonds between atoms and molecules

chemists can speed up chemical reactions by ___ the concentration of particles by ___ the volume of the space, which would correspondingly increase the pressure.

increasing, decreasing

The energy it takes to lift one brick and place it on top of another one is termed ___ a. kinetic energy b. potential energy c. chemical energy

kinetic energy

How do enzymes work in the body?

lowering the level of energy that needs to be invested in a chemical reaction

When you lift a brick into place on a wall, your muscles provide the ___ energy that moves the brick.

mechanical

____ energy is the energy of position, or the energy matter possesses because of the positioning or structure of its components. a. kinetic b. potential c. chemical

potential

The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________. potential energy kinetic energy radiant energy activation energy

potential energy

The one or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the ___ a. reactant b. product c. component d. reaction

product

___ energy form waves that vary in length from long radio waves and microwaves to short gamma waves emitted from decaying atomic nuclei.

radiant

____ energy emitted and transmitted as waves rather than matter.

radiant

All chemical reactions begin with a ___? a. product b. reactant c. compound d. element

reactant

One or more substances that enter into the reaction is the ___

reactant

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________. the inside of the mouth maintains a very high temperature chewing stores potential energy chewing facilitates synthesis reactions saliva contains enzymes

saliva contains enzymes

In a ___ reaction two components bond to make a larger molecule. Energy is required and is stored in the bond EX: A + B --> AB

synthesis

The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction. catabolic synthesis decomposition exchange

synthesis

The full spectrum of radiant energy is referred to as ?

the electromagnetic spectrum