Chemistry 1

Which option correctly identifies the relationship between the type of bond formed and the electronegativity of the atoms? If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is below 0.4, the bond is polar covalent. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is above 1.7, the bond is ionic. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is higher than 0.4, but below 1.7, a bond is non-polar covalent. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is below 0.4, the bond is ionic.

If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is above 1.7, the bond is ionic.

Which graph correctly models the Charles's Law?

Straight up

What is boiling? Vaporization occurs only on the surface of the liquid. This occurs regardless of how the vapor pressure of the liquid relates to the atmospheric pressure. This means that the boiling point does not depend on external pressure. Vaporization starts to occur throughout the liquid instead of just on the surface. This happens because the vapor pressure of the liquid is the same as the atmospheric pressure. This means boiling point is dependent on the external pressure. Condensation starts to occur throughout the liquid instead of just on the surface. This occurs only when the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure. This means the boiling point is dependent on the internal pressure. Vaporization starts to occur throughout the liquid instead of just on the surface. This occurs only when the vapor pressure of the liquid is much greater than the atmospheric pressure. This means the boiling point is dependent on the internal pressure.

Vaporization starts to occur throughout the liquid instead of just on the surface. This happens because the vapor pressure of the liquid is the same as the atmospheric pressure. This means boiling point is dependent on the external pressure.

Which graph correctly models the Boyle's Law?

Curve down right

Which statement correctly describes latent heat of condensation? the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from gas to liquid state the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from gas to solid state the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from liquid to solid state the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from solid to liquid state

the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from gas to liquid state

Which statement correctly describes latent heat of fusion? the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from solid to gas state the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from solid to liquid state the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from gas to liquid state the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from liquid to solid state

the amount of heat that is required to change a certain mass of a substance from solid to liquid state

Which option correctly defines latent heat? the energy released or absorbed by a substance when it changes state, and which does not result in a temperature change the temperature-changing energy which is absorbed by a substance when it changes phase the total thermal energy found in a given mass of a substance at a given temperature the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a given amount of a substance by one degree Celsius

the energy released or absorbed by a substance when it changes state, and which does not result in a temperature change

Which of these correctly converts degrees Celsius into kelvins? 1158 °C = 885 K -75 °C = 198 K 25 °C = -247 K 125 °C = 147 K

-75 °C = 198 K

Read the statement. Mike wants to draw a graph to show the relationship between pressure and temperature at constant volume by using given experiment data. Experiment Pressure Temperature Volume 1 2.0 atm 100 K 2 L 2 4.0 atm 200 K 2 L 3 3.0 atm 50 K 3 L 4 2.0 atm 100 K 3 L Which two experiments can be used to show the correct relationship between pressure and temperature? 1 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 2 and 4

1 and 2

What is the standard temperature and pressure (STP)? 1 kPa, 298 K 1 kPa, 0 K 1 atm, 273 K 1 atm, 298 K

1 atm, 273 K

Examine the scenario. Brian's father wants to set up a flying balloon for his birthday. They get the biggest flying balloon they can find and fill it up with 16.8 liters of helium gas (He) at STP. How many moles of helium gas are in the flying balloon? 7.5 1.33 0.133 0.75

1.33 Wrong

specific heat of ice = 2.10 J/(g·°C) specific heat of water = 4.18 J/(g·°C) specific heat of water vapor = 2.07 J/(g·°C) latent heat of fusion of ice = 333.4 J/g latent heat of vaporization of water = 2256 J/g 40 grams of ice is put into an isolated container with an unknown mass of water at 80°C. After a while, the final temperature is measured to be 60°C. What amount of water that was initially in the container? 124 g 299 g 195 g 100 g

124 g Wrong 195 g Wrong

What option correctly converts 62 °C into °F? -66.4 °F -143.6 °F 66.4 °F 143.6 °F

143.6 °F

Read the statement. A 4.0 L sample of helium gas is at 2.8 atm pressure. The sample is heated and its final temperature, volume, and pressure are measured as 300 K, 6.0 L, and 5.6 atm, respectively. What was the initial temperature of the helium gas? 500 K 200K 400 K 100 K

200K Wrong

How much energy was added to the ice between Time A and Time D? 150 J 154 J 25 kJ 26 kJ

25 kJ Wrong 150 J wrong

A sample of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) at 3.0 atm is at 0 °C. This gas is compressed to 30 L and pressure at this volume is measured as 4.0 atm. Assuming temperature remains constant, what was the initial volume of the gas? 60 L 40 L 25 L 30 L

30 L Wrong

If the specific heat capacity of ice is 2.10 J/(g·°C), how much heat is required to heat 530 g of ice from -45.0 °C to -15.0 °C? Hint: Use the correct number of significant figures. 32595 J 33000 J 33.400 kJ 33.4 kJ

33000 J Wrong

Read the scenario. A 10.00 kg block of iron is thrown into 3.00 kg of water at 10° C. After 5 minutes, the temperature of water has increased to 95° C and the temperature of iron has become 100° C. The specific heat of iron is 0.45 kJ/(kg·°C), and the specific heat of water = 4.18 kJ/(kg·°C). What is the initial temperature of the iron? 237 °C 337 °C 400 °C 132 °C

337 °C

If a 25.6 L sample of gas at 300 K is heated until its volume becomes 51.2 L, and its pressure is constant, what will be the final temperature of the of the gas? 150 K 600 K 400 K 300 K

400 K Wrong 300 Kfv

Use the values to answer the question. latent heat of vaporization of ethanol = 837 J/g molecular mass of ethanol = 46.1 g/mol How much heat is required to convert 12.0 moles of ethanol completely into gas phase? 40.000 kJ 10.0 kJ 463 kJ 463,000 kJ

463,000 kJ

Use the values to answer the question. latent heat of vaporization of helium = 20.0 kJ/kg molecular mass of helium = 4 g/mol How many moles of helium can be vaporized when 418 kJ heat is given? 50 mol 5 × 103 mol 5 mol 5 × 102 mol

5 × 102 mol Wrong

If a sample of neon gas at 1.8 atm pressure and 150 K is put into the steel container with a constant volume and heated to 450 K, what will the final pressure of the gas be? 4.0 atm 5.4 atm 0.6 atm 3.6 atm

5.4 atm

Which of these correctly converts 328 K into degrees Celsius? -601°C 601°C 55°C -55°C

55°C

specific heat of ice = 2.10 J/(g·°C) specific heat of water = 4.18 J/(g·°C) specific heat of water vapor = 2.07 J/(g·°C) latent heat of fusion of ice = 333.4 J/g latent heat of vaporization of water = 2256 J/g How much energy is required during heating of H2O through points A, B, C and D as shown in the graph? 12,100 J 10,500 J 7700 J 3900 J

7700 J

How much heat is required to heat 50.0 grams of water from 0° C to 40.0° C, if the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g·°C)? 200 kJ 8360 J 836 kJ 2000 J

8360 J

Which option correctly explains the Avogadro's Law? Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles, regardless of the nature of the gas. Equal volumes of gases under the same pressure contain the same number of particles, regardless of temperature. Gases under equal pressure and at the same temperature contain the same number of particles, regardless of volume. Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of particles, regardless of the nature of gas, temperature, or pressure.

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles, regardless of the nature of the gas.

Which statement is one of the assumptions the kinetic molecular theory makes for gases? Gas particles lose some energy when they strike the walls of their container. The volume of a gas depends on the volume of its particles. There are strong intermolecular forces between gas particles. Gas particles are in constant, random motion.

Gas particles lose some energy when they strike the walls of their container. Wrong

Which statements is correct about gases and liquids? Gas particles are packed more tightly compared to liquid particles. Gases have stronger intermolecular forces than liquids. There is very little empty space in the volume of gases and liquids. Gases have a lower number of particles per volume compared to liquids.

Gases have a lower number of particles per volume compared to liquids.

Which of the statements about gases is correct? Gases have no definite volume, but they have a definite shape. Gases have a definite volume and they have a definite shape. Gases have a definite volume, and flow to take the shape of their container. Gases have no definite volume and flow to take the shape of their container.

Gases have no definite volume and flow to take the shape of their container.

What are ionic crystals? The basic particles of an ionic crystal are molecules. Ionic crystals are made of ions held together by a large network of ionic bonds. Ionic crystals are made of ions in an organized lattice structure held together by a sea of electrons. The strength of ionic bonds causes ionic crystals to be malleable and ductile.

Ionic crystals are made of ions held together by a large network of ionic bonds.

Which of these statements correctly explains how ink is able to spread through water? Liquid particles have intermolecular forces, but the intermolecular forces are not strong enough to prevent particle mobility. Particles making up liquids are always in motion. Liquid particles have some intermolecular forces, but on average the particles are spread far apart. Particles making up liquids are completely free to move and are always in motion. Liquid particles have no intermolecular forces. Without the intermolecular forces, particles making up liquids are free to move and are always in motion. Liquid particles have strong intermolecular forces and liquid particles are not very mobile. Particles of ink have higher energy and can move around, unlike the water.

Liquid particles have some intermolecular forces, but on average the particles are spread far apart. Particles making up liquids are completely free to move and are always in motion. Wrong Liquid particles have no intermolecular forces. Without the intermolecular forces, particles making up liquids are free to move and are always in motion. Wrong

Why does liquid water have a higher specific heat than ice or water vapor? Liquid water is denser than ice. For that reason, there are more particles to heat in the same volume of water than there are in ice. Only liquid water has hydrogen bonding. Water ice or water vapor does not have hydrogen bonding. In liquid water, energy is required to break hydrogen bonds and also to increase kinetic energy of water particles. In liquid water, energy is required to form covalent bonds. Water then turns into H2 and O2 gas, which is water vapor.

Only liquid water has hydrogen bonding. Water ice or water vapor does not have hydrogen bonding. Wrong In liquid water, energy is required to break hydrogen bonds and also to increase kinetic energy of water particles.

Which of these most accurately describes the motion of gas particles? Particles making up gases are mostly fixed in their locations and have vibrational motion. Particles making up gases are close together but have no fixed positions and can move around each other. Particles making up gases have few intermolecular interactions and are free to move. Particles making up gases consist of free electrons and ions and have the highest energy.

Particles making up gases have few intermolecular interactions and are free to move.

Which option correctly describes the intermolecular forces in solids and liquids? Particles that make up solids have more energy than particles that make up liquids. Therefore, solids have stronger intermolecular forces and are usually more closely packed than liquids. Particles that make up solids have less energy than particles that make up liquids. Therefore, solids can form stronger intermolecular forces and are usually more closely packed than liquids. Particles that make up solids have more energy than particles that make up liquids. Therefore, solids can form stronger intermolecular forces and are loosely packed when compared to liquids. Particles that make up solids have less energy than particles that make up liquids. Therefore, solids have weaker intermolecular forces and are loosely packed when compared to liquids.

Particles that make up solids have less energy than particles that make up liquids. Therefore, solids can form stronger intermolecular forces and are usually more closely packed than liquids.

Which of these is the critical point of water? Point B Point D Point A Point C Point E

Point E

Read the scenario. A 1.0 kg block of iron and a 1.0 kg block of salt are both heated from room temperature to 100 °C. Salt requires almost double the amount of energy to heat to 100 °C when compared to iron. Which of the following statements correctly describes the reason for this difference? Salt has a higher specific heat than iron. Therefore, it takes more energy to heat salt than iron. Salt has a greater volume than iron. Therefore, it takes more energy to heat salt than iron. Iron weighs more and is heavier than salt. Therefore, it takes more energy to heat salt than iron. Iron is denser than salt. Therefore, it takes more energy to heat salt than iron.

Salt has a higher specific heat than iron. Therefore, it takes more energy to heat salt than iron.

Read the paragraph. The three states of matter we commonly encounter in our daily lives are solids, liquids, and gases. __________ have a fixed shape and volume. __________ have a fixed volume, but they take the shape of their container. __________ have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume, and will expand to fill the container they are in. Which word order can be used to correctly complete the paragraph? Liquids; Gases; Solids Solids; Liquids; Gases Gases; Solids; Liquids Gases; Liquids; Solids

Solids; Liquids; Gases

Which statement correctly describes the properties of solids? Solid particles have high kinetic energy that helps them maintain their rigid structure. Intermolecular forces are generally weaker in solids than in liquids and gases. This makes solids less ordered. Strong intermolecular forces cause the particles making up solids to be mostly fixed in their locations. The particles that make up liquids have strong intermolecular forces and are always more closely packed than solids.

Strong intermolecular forces cause the particles making up solids to be mostly fixed in their locations.

Which statement correctly describes the combined gas law? The combined gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's Laws into one expression. This law can be used to calculate volume or temperature values when pressure is constant. The combined gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws into one expression. This law can be used to calculate pressure, volume, or temperature values when none of the variables are constant. The combined gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's Laws in one expression. This law can be used to calculate pressure, volume, or temperature values when none of the variables are constant. The combined gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's Laws in one expression. This law can be used to calculate pressure or temperature values when volume is constant.

The combined gas law combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws into one expression. This law can be used to calculate pressure, volume, or temperature values when none of the variables are constant.

How are metallic crystals held together? The particles in metallic crystals are metal ions held together by metallic bonds. Metallic crystals are characterized by a delocalized sea of neutrons. The delocalized neutrons belong to the entire crystal and give metallic crystals their electrical conductivity. The particles in metallic crystals are metal ions held together by covalent bonds. Metallic crystals are characterized by a delocalized sea of neutrons. The delocalized neutrons belong to the entire crystal and give metallic crystals their electrical conductivity. The particles in metallic crystals are metal ions held together by metallic bonds. Metallic crystals are characterized by a delocalized sea of sea of electrons. The delocalized electrons belong to the entire crystal and give metallic crystals their electrical conductivity. The particles in metallic crystals are metal atoms held together by covalent bonds. Metallic crystals are characterized by a delocalized sea of electrons. The delocalized electrons belong to the entire crystal and give metallic crystals their electrical conductivity.

The particles in metallic crystals are metal ions held together by metallic bonds. Metallic crystals are characterized by a delocalized sea of sea of electrons. The delocalized electrons belong to the entire crystal and give metallic crystals their electrical conductivity.

Which statement is correct about the properties of liquids? Intermolecular forces between the particles that make up liquids are weak. There is a lot of empty space in the volume of a liquid, between the particles that make up liquids. The particles that make up liquids have fixed positions and are not free to move around each other. The particles that make up liquids are closely packed and are in contact with each other.

The particles that make up liquids are closely packed and are in contact with each other.

Which option correctly describes the Gay-Lussac's Law? The pressure is inversely proportional to the volume at constant temperature. The pressure is directly proportional to the volume at constant temperature. The pressure is directly proportional to the temperature at constant volume. The pressure is inversely proportional to the temperature at constant volume.

The pressure is directly proportional to the temperature at constant volume.

Read the scenario. Alice wanted to measure the pressure of oxygen gas in a closed container. She measured pressure at four points; at the top, bottom, left, and right sides of the container. What option most accurately predicts the results of Alice's measurements? The results show equal pressure values in all her measurements; the gas pressure from the oxygen depends only on the pressure exerted by the atmosphere outside the container. The highest pressure value is on the top side of the container; pressure is defined as an amount of work done against gravity, so only the force against the top wall matters in measuring pressure. The results show equal pressure values in all her measurements; gas particles continually strike on all the walls of their container because gases exert pressure in all directions.

The results show equal pressure values in all her measurements; gas particles continually strike on all the walls of their container because gases exert pressure in all directions.

Which of the statements is correct about which liquid would have more energy? The sample on the left has more energy because energy depends on mass, but not temperature. Calculations must be done first because energy depends on both temperature and mass. More information is required because energy depends on neither temperature nor mass. The sample on the right has more energy because energy depends on temperature, but not mass.

The sample on the left has more energy because energy depends on mass, but not temperature.

Examine the table. Type of Crystal Melting Points ionic high covalent high molecular low Which statement correctly explains the relative properties of the types of solids in the table? The strength of the intermolecular interaction determines the melting point. The crystals with strong intermolecular forces require more energy to break the bonds while crystals with weak intermolecular forces require less. The strength of the intermolecular interaction determines the melting point. Crystals with strong intermolecular forces require less energy to break the bonds while crystals with weak intermolecular forces require more. The strength of the intermolecular interaction is unrelated to the melting point. The table shows that crystals with both strong and weak intermolecular forces have high melting points. The strength of the intermolecular interaction is unrelated to the melting point. All three substances shown are solid crystals, so they must all have strong intermolecular forces, yet they do not have the same melting points.

The strength of the intermolecular interaction determines the melting point. The crystals with strong intermolecular forces require more energy to break the bonds while crystals with weak intermolecular forces require less.

Which option correctly describes the density of solids? The strong intermolecular forces cause the particles making up solids to have a high density and be mostly fixed in their locations. Solid particles have very low mobility and are more ordered than liquids or gases. The weak intermolecular forces cause particles making up solids to have a low density and be mostly fixed in their locations. Solid particles are freer to move than liquids. The weak intermolecular forces cause particles making up solids to have a low density and be mostly mobile. Solid particles are more ordered than liquids or gases. The strong intermolecular forces cause particles making up solids to have a high density and move around slowly. Solid particles are freer to move than liquids.

The weak intermolecular forces cause particles making up solids to have a low density and be mostly mobile. Solid particles are more ordered than liquids or gases. Wrong The strong intermolecular forces cause the particles making up solids to have a high density and be mostly fixed in their locations. Solid particles have very low mobility and are more ordered than liquids or gases.

Read the scenario. A sample of gas is in a container with a movable piston. The system is placed in a room with lower than regular air pressure. Changes in both temperature and volume are observed. Which option correctly describes how the volume and temperature change? Both volume and temperature will increase. Both volume and temperature will decrease. Volume will increase and temperature will decrease. Volume will decrease and temperature will increase.

Volume will increase and temperature will decrease.

Which statement describes how Boyle's law can be derived from the combined gas law? When pressure is constant, pressure terms cancel each other out and the combined gas law becomes an expression relating volume and number of moles. When temperature is constant, temperature terms cancel each other out and the combined gas law becomes an expression relating pressure and volume. When temperature is constant, temperature terms cancel each other out and the combined gas law becomes an expression relating volume and number of moles. When pressure is constant, pressure terms cancel each other out and the combined gas law becomes an expression relating volume and temperature.

When temperature is constant, temperature terms cancel each other out and the combined gas law becomes an expression relating pressure and volume.

Read the statement. Temperature is the measure of the __________ kinetic energy of the particles in a substance or a system. A substance with more kinetic energy will have a __________ temperature. Temperature __________ energy, it cannot flow. Which option correctly describes how to complete these statements? maximum; higher; is average; higher; is not maximum; higher; is not maximum; lower; is average; higher; is average; lower; is not

average; higher; is not

Read the paragraph. Molecular crystals consist of molecules held together by intermolecular forces. Ice is a good example. In ice, water molecules are held together by __________, and by London dispersion forces. Intermolecular forces are __________ than ionic or covalent bonds. Hence, molecular crystals have __________ melting points. Which set of words could be used to correctly complete these statements? Van der Waals forces; stronger; high Van der Waals forces; weaker; low hydrogen bonds; stronger; high hydrogen bonds; weaker; low

hydrogen bonds; weaker; low

Read the statement. The amount of heat required to change a certain __________ of a substance from a gas to a liquid is called latent heat of __________, which has the same absolute value as latent heat of __________. Which option correctly completes the statement? mass; condensation; vaporization volume; boiling; fusion volume; condensation; vaporization mass; condensation; fusion

mass; condensation; vaporization

What happens when a system of water crosses the line BD? solidification and condensation sublimation and deposition vaporization or condensation melting or freezing

melting or freezing Wrong

What do phase diagrams demonstrate? the volume and temperature conditions in which a substance exists as a liquid, solid, or gas, as well as how vaporization and boiling points change with pressure The temperature of a sample of a substance at different points in time for a substance being heated at a constant rate and at a specific pressure. The volume of a sample of a substance at different points in time for a substance being heated at a constant rate and at a specific pressure. the pressure and temperature conditions in which a substance exists as a liquid, solid, or gas, as well as how melting and boiling points change with pressure

the pressure and temperature conditions in which a substance exists as a liquid, solid, or gas, as well as how melting and boiling points change with pressure

Which factor affects the equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container? the amount of liquid, because the rate of evaporation is higher with a greater amount of liquid and equilibrium is reached at a point with more vapor the temperature of the liquid, because the rate of evaporation at higher temperatures is greater and equilibrium is reached at a point with more vapor the shape of the container, because with a broad and shallow container, more evaporation would occur. Equilibrium will be established at a greater amount of vapor the volume of the liquid, because the rate of evaporation is higher with a greater volume of liquid and equilibrium is reached at a point with more vapor

the temperature of the liquid, because the rate of evaporation at higher temperatures is greater and equilibrium is reached at a point with more vapor