Chemistry
Give the IUPAC name of the following compound
8-methyl-6-propyl-3-nonanone
Normal (non-oxidative decarboxylation of the structure below yields what?
A
Which of the following is a conformation of the structure shown below?
A
What is the molecular formula of the structure shown? a cyclohexane with 1 double bond
C6H10
What is the molecular formula of the structure shown on the right? (a cyclohexane with 3 lines)
C6H6
Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclooctane
C8H16+__12__O2---> __8__ CO2+___8___H2O
Which is the correct organic product of the following reactant? H2N-CH3 + HO-C(=O)-CH3
CH3-C(=O)-NH-CH3
Which of the following is the condensed formula a BRANCHED alkane?
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3
Circle and label all functional groups in the molecule shown
Ester, Amine, Keton, Aromatic, and alchohol
1. Give the IUPAC names of the alcohol AND carboxylic acid REACTANTS that can be reacted to produce the compound shown. 2. Give the IUPAC name of the Product below ----> 2-heptanoate
Ethanol + Pentanoic acid are the reactants Ethyl pentanoate is the product
Which amino acid has the abbreviation Glu?
Glutamic acid
Which of the following is an amino acid?
H2N-C(=O)-OH
Which of the following is a phenol?
H2N-a benzene-OH
What is the name of the compound whose condensed formula is CH3(CH2)5CH3?
Heptane (CnH2n+2)
Which statement regarding oxidative decarboxylation is FALSE?
It requires a B-ketone
Three structural isomers of the molecular formula C5H12
(Draw) 5 carbon 4 carbon with 1 methyl 4 carbon with another 1 methyl a different place
The large number of organic compounds is due in part to the ability of these compounds to form constitutional isomers. Which of the following pairs of compounds are related as constitutional isomers?
(a trinagle) and H2C=CHCH3
The hemiacetal produced from the reaction of 1 mole of 1-butanol with 1 mole of ethanol is
(last choice)
Which of the following amines is a primary amine?
a cyclohexane attached to a NH2 a benzene attached to a NH2
Which of the following statements concerning lipids is FALSE?
they can form polymers
Which is NOT a component of RNA?
thymine
Give the IUPAC name of the following molecule cyclopentane with a SH and a methyl
trans-2-methylcyclopentanethiol
Which of the following are possible function of proteins?
transport, structure, signaling/regulation, nutrient source
Which of the following compounds are related as geometric isomers? (cis and trans)
triangle with two black lines (cis) and a triangle with a dashed line and a line (trans) both the same
How many chiral carbons are present in the molecule shown? C(NH) and C(OH)
two
Stereoisomers are compounds
with the same chemical formula and bonding pattern, but with bonds in different directions.
How is the nitrogen-containing compound best classfied? CH3CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH3
Primary
which of the following represents an ester functional group?
-COOCH2-
Rank the following compounds in order of boiling point
1 Amine 2 Aldehyde 3 Ketone ? 4 methyl
List the four techniques a cell uses to regulate its enzymatic activity. Pick one and in your own words explain how it works
1 Genetic control 2 Proenzyme/zygomen 3 Allostery 4 Covalent modification- the attachment or removal of groups through covalent bonds that change the enzymes shape and eventually changing its function/activity.
Rank the compounds in order of highest to lowest boiling point
1 carboxylic acid 2 alcohol 3 aldehyde 4 Ether
What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?
1,2,4-trimethylcyclopentane
Which alcohol has the highest boiling point and the lowest water solubility? 1-propanol methanol 1-butanol ethanol
1-butanol
Which of the following has the lowest boiling point? 1-hexene, 1-heptyne, 2-octene, 3-nonyne
1-hexene
What is the IUPAC name of the compound produced by the reduction of pentanamide?
1-pentanamine
Give the IUPAC name of the best alkene REACTANT that can be hydrated to produce the compound shown. ---> 2-pentanol
1-pentene
1. Give the IUPAC name of the REACTANT that can be oxidized to produce the compound shown. 2. Give the IUPAC name of the PRODUCT below --> 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanone
1. 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanol is the reactant 2. 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanone is the product alchohol--> ketone
Give the IUPAC name for the REACTANT below Give the IUPAC name for the PRODUCT below
1. 4-Chlorobutanal is the reactant 2. 4-chlorobutanoic acid is the product
The reaction below has two products. Give the name of both products CH3-CH2-OH + CH3-CH2-OH --->
1. Ethoxyethane 2. water
List all the functional groups present in the molecule shown
1. Phenol 2. Ester 3. Aldehyde 4. Amine
Give examples of everyday objects that are enantiomers of each other.
1. a pair of shoes 2. ears 3. feet 4. right/left threaded bolts 5. English vs American vehicles (steering wheels on opposite sides?
1. Give the IUPAC name of the ALKENE REACTANT below. 2. Give the IUPAC name of the PRODUCT of the reaction below.
1. cis-2-Butene 2. 2,3-dichorobutane
Give the IUPAC names of the TWO products of the following reaction. 3-heptamide + KOH--->
1. ethanamine 2. potassium pentanoate
List four things that cause denaturation of a protein. Then, pick one and explain how it causes the denaturation.
1. pH 2. Temperature- as temperature increases, the bonds within the proteins being to increase their vibration. This causes hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to be disrupted and eventually denatured while loosing their 3D shape. They then begin to unfold and no longer are active. 3. Mechanical Stress 4 Ionic compounds
Give the IUPAC names of the two products of the following reaction: 3-pentaoate +H2O----->
1. propanoic acid 2. ethanol
Give the IUPAC names of the two PRODUCTS of the following reaction. (Saponification reaction) + NaOH-->
1. sodium propanoate 2. methanol
Give the IUPAC name of the following molecule
3,7,7-tribromo-2-heptanol
Draw the structure of 1,4-pentadiene
2 mountains with 2 lines of each side
What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?
2,4-dichloro-4-methylheptane
What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown on the right? CH3C(triple bond) CCH2CH2CH2CH3
2-heptyne
Draw the structure of the product of the following reaction
2-hexene + Br2 ---> 2,3-hexane
The oxidation of 2-pentanol yields pentanal 1-pentanol 2-pentanone 2-pentene none of the above
2-pentanone alcohol-->ketone
How many moles of hydrogen gas (H2) are needed to convert one mole of ethyne to ethane?
2:1-----> 2 moles
Lauric triglyceride is a simple triglyceride containing lauric acid, a 12-carbon saturated fatty acid. What is the structure of lauric triglyceride?
3 CH2's, 3 O's, 3 ketons, 3 (CH2)10CH3
What is the major product formed by the hydration of 1-propene?
3 carbon (like a tent) with a line sticking out to OH
Which of the following compounds exists as cis-trans isomers? 1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-hexene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene
3-hexene
Give the IUPAC name of the major PRODUCT of the dehydration reaction
3-methyl-3-heptene
Give the IUPAC name of the product of the following reaction: 5-ethoxypentanal--->
5-ethoxypentanoic acid aldehyde-->caboxylic acid
Give the IUPAC name of the organic product of the following reaction. 5-ethyl-heptanoic + CH3NH2---->
5-ethyl-N-methylheptanamide carboxylic acid --> amide
An alkane used as a lubricant contains 25 carbon atoms. How many hydrogen atoms are present in its structure?
52 (CnH2n+2)
Normally, increasing reactant concentration speeds up a reaction. However, for enzyme-catalyzed reactions, increasing reactant concentrations only increases reaction rates up to a point, after which further increases in reactant concentration do not affect the reaction rate. Explain this phenomenon.
At high substrate concentrations, all the available enzymes are being used. Any additional substate will not have enzyme access because of this and will not react. Thus, this additional amount of substrate does not increase the reaction rate.
Which of the following is formaldehyde used as an embalming/preserving fluid?
B
Which of the following fatty acids would be classified as an omega-6 acid?
B (3 flat hills with double bonds and a carboxylic acid)
The large number of organic compounds is due in part to the ability of these compounds to form constitutional isomers. Which of the following pairs of compounds are related as constitutional isomers?
B (same molecular formula different connectivty)
Which structural formula is represented by the condensed formula shown below? CH2BrCH2CH(CH3)2
Br-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3
Draw the structure of the alkane that can be halogenated to produce the following compouds?
Butane + Br2
Which of the four options listed is the enantiomer of the compound shown?
C (enantiomer is mirror imaged)
Which of the four structures listed is a conformation of the structure shown?
C and D (rotate it)
Which formula corresponds to a cycloalkane?
C4H8 (CnH2n)
Draw the structure of the major product of the following reaction: CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-CH3 + H20 --H+-->
CH3CH2COH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3
Hydrolysis of a thioester produces a thiol and a(n)
Carboxylic acid
which compound is classified as an ether?
Ch3-CH2-O-CH3
Hydrocholrination of ethene produces what?
Chloroethane ethene-->ethane
What term is used to describe the various spatial arrangements of a molecule formed by rotation around C--C single bonds?
Conformations
Which of the following is a VALID structure?
D
The acetal produced from the reaction of 1 mole of 1-butanol with 2 moles of ethanol is
D (2 O's with one having an ethyl)
Which fo the structures shown below is a polyester polymer? (The squiggly bonds indicate the structure repeats?
D (an O with a squiggly line, 3 Esters, a ketone with a squiggly line)
Which of the following classes of compounds contain amines?
DNA and RNA Amino Acids Alkalkoids
Which is a neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine
Briefly explain why enzyme activity decreases as the pH of the solution is changed.
Enzyme activity decreases as the pH of the solution is changed because the pH changes how ionization occurs for R groups of amino acids. They also include hydrogen bonding that cal also be affected due to the pH. Either higher pH or lower, the enzyme can lose its active configuration and it becomes denatured. Some enzymes can hold on with higher pH's while others can with lower as it depends on the type of enzyme.
Which statement regarding enzymes is TRUE?
Enzymes decrease the activation energy
Define the terms monomer and polymer
Monomers are small molecules that can be reacted together repeatedly to form really long molecules called polymers
Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is FALSE?
Monosaccharides join together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides by hydrogen bonding.
What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?
N-ethyl-N-methyl-1-propanamine
Which of the following is a biological oxidizing agent?
NAD+
which of the following is a biological reducing agent?
NADH
Which is the product of the following reaction? N-H + HCl--->
NH2 and Cl-
Type out the general formula for an ether function group
R-O-R
Define Replication
Replication is the process in which all the double-stranded DNA in a cell is duplicated exactly. The result is two identical copies of DNA.
The substrate of the sucrase enzyme is an _____ and the type of reaction it catalyzes is a ___
Sucrose, hydrolysis
When a carboxylic acid is mixed with NaOH, the organic product is
a carboxylate ion
Which of the following monosaccharides are shown the alpha anomeric form?
The OH group is below (three of them)
Which statement concerning the structure of a fatty acid is FALSE?
The carbon chain in a fatty acid may be branched or unbranched.
Describe the induced-fit model of substrate-enzyme binding.
The induced-fit model of substrate-enzyme binding acts as a flexible pocket in order for the substrate molecule to fit in. As the substrate molecule beings to bind, it wraps around the shape of the substrate molecule, making it the exact fit or perfectly complimentary for the substrate molecule in order to bring out an effective substrate-enzyme binding reaction.
which statement regarding soaps is FALSE?
They can be formed via the hydrolysis of an ether.
Is the sugar shown below a reducing sugar? (Fisher Projection) CHO-H-OH-H-OH-H-OH-OH-H-CH2OH
Yes
what product results when benzene undergoes the halogenation reaction below?
a benzene with 1 Br sticking out
Which of the following is a heterocyclic aromatic compound?
a benzene with a carbon (like nitrogen) splitting it
Draw the structure of meta-diflurobenzene
a benzene with two F's
Which bonding pattern is NOT typical of carbon atoms in organic compounds?
a. (a carbon with 5 lines shooting out)
which reaction type is most characteristic of alkenes?
addition
Alkenes can undergo what reaction type(s)?
addition and combustion
Hand Sanitizer contains which type of functional group?
alcohol
Monosaccharides, by definition, must include which of the following in their structure?
aldehyde/ketone and two or more alcohols
The monosaccharide shown is an
aldopentose (way left OH group below, way right OH group above)
What is the name of the species represented by the structure (R3N-H)+Cl-
alkylammonium salt
All steroids have the steroid nucleus in their structure. Which of the following compounds would be classified as steroids?
all with a straight, 3 cyclohexane, 1 cyclopentane group (not curved)
Which of the following is a branched polymer of glucose?
amylopectin
Which carbohydrate is present in plant startch?
amylopectin and amylose
To form an ester, you need to react
an alcohol and a carboxylic acid
The correct order for the process of lipid digestion is
bile salts emulsify lipids, then lipase hydrolyzes lipids, then GI tract absorbs.
Thiol functional groups are important systems because they
can form disulfide bridges in proteins
Which item below is an accurate descriptor of the quaternary structure of a protein?
can involve salt bridges, is the arrangement of subunits in space, can involved hydrogen bonding between R groups
Which item below is an accurate descriptor of the tertiary structure of a protein?
can involve salt bridges, is the overall 3D shape of a polypeptide, can involve hydrogen bonding between R groups
Organic chemistry is the study of
carbon-containing compounds
Which is the structural carbohydrate in insects?
chitin
Hydrochlorination of ethene produces what?
chloroethane ethene-->ethane
Which reaction is NOT possible for alkene and alkyne functional groups?
condensation and substitution
Give the IUPAC name of the product of the following reaction. cyclohexene + H2O-->
cyclohexanol
Which of the following leads to an increase in the melting point of a fatty acid?
decrease in the amount of unsaturation
Oxidation of thiols produce
disulfides
Which neurotransmitter has been correlated with Parkinson's disease
dopamine
What type of carbon-carbon bonds are never found in a saturated hydrocarbon?
double and triple bonds
The following molecule is best classified as an
ester
Which of the following can react via hydrolysis?
ethers and esters
Which monosaccharide is also known as fruit sugar?
fructose
Esters often have
fruity, pleasant odors
Lactose is composed of
glucose and galactose in a B(1->4) glycosidic bond
Which class of human plasma lipoproteins returns excess cholesterol to the liver?
high density lipoproteins (HDL)
Which item below is an accurate descriptor of the secondary structure of a protein?
involves hydrogen bonding between backbone peptide groups, contains alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets
Which item below is an accurate descriptor of the primary structure of a protein?
is the specific sequence of amino acids, is held together through peptide bonds
The conversion of a ketohexose to an aldohexose requires which type of enzyme ?
isomerase
The Fisher projection for the monosaccharide dihydroxyacetone is shown below. Is this D-dihydroxyacetone or L-dihydroxyacetone?
it is neither D nor L because dihydroxyacetone is not chiral
Oxidation of a secondary alcohol yields an
ketone
What additional condition or reagent is necessary for methane to react with chlorine according to the reaction equation shown below? CH4+Cl2--> CH3Cl + HCl
light or heat
Give the IUPAC name of the following molecule an cyclooctane with a -O-CH3 sticking out
methoxycyclooctane
Which of the following is NOT a common amino acid?
methylhistidine
Which steroid hormone class regulates blood sodium and potassium levels?
mineralocoricoids
____ stores oxygen in the cell, while _____transports oxygen through the bloodstream
myoglobin, hemoglobin
The amino acid shown below is classified as H2N-CH(CH-OH CH3) C(=O)-OH
neutral polar
Which is the correct order of melting points for the following alkanes, from highest temperature to lowest temperature?
nonane>hexane>butane>methane
A chemical that temporarily binds to an allosteric site on an enzyme thereby decreasing its activity is an
noncompetitive inhibitor
Which item below is an accurate descriptor of the pentary structure of a protein?
none of the above
How many chiral carbons are present in the structure shown?
one (C=O) does not count
List the four parts of a triacylglycerol
one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together?
peptide bonds
Which types of lipid has the following components: glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate and choline?
phosphoglycerides
Proteins that contain a phosphate prosthetic group are called
phosphoproteins
What type of polymer could form between the two molecules shown below? COH(=O)-benzene-COH(=O) and a butane with two OH's on the end
polyester
The purpose of the primase enzyme in replication is to
polymerize several RNA nucleotides
The alcohol shown is
primary
The reduction of a carboxylic acid produces a thiol
primary alcohol
Which level of protein structure is NOT affected by denaturation?
primary structure
Amylose digestion
produces glucose monomers
The COX enzyme produces inflammation by catalyzing the production of what?
prostaglandins
Which is associated with inflammation?
prostaglandins
Substrates are
reactants
Fibrous proteins contain a lot of
secondary structure
The function of a protein determined by its ___, which is ultimately determined by its_____ structure
shape, primary structure
Coenzymes are
small organic molecules
Thiols are notable for their
strong, disagreeable odor
The structure of an organic compound may be represented in several different ways. Which formula for an organic compound explicitly shows all of the atoms and bonds in a molecule?
structural formula
which of the following reaction types is most characteristic of aromatic compounds?
substitution
For compounds of similar molecular weight, which of the following types would have the lowest boiling point? tertiary amine secondary amine alcohol primary amine
tertiary amine
Which correctly describes the geometry and bond angles around the indicated carbon in the structure shown?
tetrahedral, 109.5
The specificity of an enzyme is due to
the structure of the active site