Chemistry - Chapter 1

What is the formula for accuracy?

(value accepted - value experimented)/(Value accepted) x 100

How many mL are in 1 fl oz?

29.6mL

How many teaspoons are in one tablespoon?

3 teaspoons

How many cups are in one quart?

4 cups

How many fluid oz are in one gill?

4 fluid oz

How many quarts are in one gallon?

4 quarts

How many joules are in 1 calorie?

4.184 joules

How many mLs are in a tsp?

4.93 mL

How many grams are there in one pound?

454 grams

How many feet are in one mile?

5,280 feet

How many teaspoons are in 1 fluid oz?

6 tsp

How many drams are in one fluid oz?

8 drams

How many fluid oz are there in one cup?

8 fluid oz

What percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen?

80%

What is a normal body temperature in degrees F and C?

98.6 degrees F, 37 degrees C.

What are some examples of intensive properties?

Color, smell, taste, density

Is table salt an element, compound, or mixture? If mixture is it homogenous or heterogeneous?

Compound.

What are sig figs?

Contain all the digits that are known plus the next/first digit that is estimated.

What allows you to convert a quantity from one unit to the equivalent quantity in a different unit?

Conversion factors.

How many pounds are in one kg?

2.205 lbs

How many pounds are in a kilogram?

2.205 lbs.

What does food contain?

Carbs, proteins, and fats. *chemical energy*

Is frying a chicken chemical or physical?

Chemical

How is specific gravity for liquids measured?

Refractometer.

Which side of the equation are products on?

Right.

Which side of the periodic table has nonmetals?

Right.

How are volumes measured?

With a graduated cylinder or pipet.

A zero is not significant if...

-It is at the beginning of a number with a decimal point. -In a large number without a decimal point.

All nonzero numbers are considered significant if:

-It is not a zero. -A zero between nonzero digits. -A zero at the end of a umber with a decimal point.

A substance's properties, such as shape, volume, and kinetic energy, are greatly influenced by its molecular makeup.

...

CHONPS makes up most of the biological molecules on Earth.

...

Chemical reactions cause chemical changes in which a new chemical/substance was created.

...

Density ---> constant at given temp and can use density values as conversion factors to determine either the mass or volume of the substance.

...

Mass is grams, volume is liter, meter is distance

...

The specific heat capacity or specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature exactly one gram of that substance by exactly one degrees C.

...

1cm=_______m

.01m

1 dm = _______m

.1m

micro (mc)

/1,000,000

nano (n)

/1,000,000,000

deci (d)

/10

centi (c)

/100

milli (m)

/1000

What is the density of water?

1 g/mL

What are the steps for calculating drop factors?

1. Determine the unit for the final answer 2. Determine the given info 3. Determine the conversion factors needed to cancel units 4. Set up the equation with the given info and conversion factors so that all units cancel except the final unit

What are the steps to calculating a dosage?

1. Determine the unit for the final answer 2. Determine the given info 3. Determine the conversion factors needed to cancel units 4. Set up the equation with the given information and conversion factors so that all units except the final answer unit.

How does a pure substance differ from a mixture?

1. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties. 2. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition. *It has distinct chemical properties.*

Water is _______g/mL

1.00

How many quarts are there in one liter?

1.057 qt

How many km are in 1 mile?

1.6 km

How may mLs are in one centiliter?

10 mL

Prefixes can be applied to the metric system units that change the meaning of unit by power of ______.

10.

Cent means...

100

How many cm are in 1 m?

100 cm

How many calories are in 1 Calorie?

1000 calories

How many grams are in one kilogram?

1000 grams

How many mLs are in 1 liter?

1000 mL

How many milligrams are in one gram?

1000 mgs

How many mm are in 1 cm^3?

10mm

How many elements are on the period table?

118.

How many fluid ounces are there in one gallon?

128 fluid oz.

How many fluid oz are there in a pint?

16 fluid oz

How many oz are in one pound?

16 oz

How many meters are in 1 mile?

1609 m

Which designations are known as main group elements?

1A-8A.

How may cups are in one pint?

2 cups

How may pints are in one quart?

2 pints

How many table spoons are in one fluid oz?

2 tbalespoons

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more substances.

What is density?

A comparison of a substance's mass (m) to its volume (v).

What is a compound?

A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are bonded together.

What is a pure substance?

A matter that is made up of only one type of substance and can be represented with one chemical formula.

What is the definition of weight?

A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout.

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture where the composition is the same throughout.

What is the definition of a pure substance?

A substance that has the same composition no matter where it is located.

Is air an element, compound, or mixture? If mixture is it homo or heterogeneous?

Air- homogenous.

Elements that are bordered by the staircase, with the exception of which element are metalloids?

Aluminium.

What is a mixture that is mostly water called?

Aqueous solution.

Where does the staircase on the periodic table start?

Boron.

Even though we cannot see matter, we can see and measure its property in ______.

Bulks.

When you flex a muscle, what kind of energy are you using to flex a muscle?

Chemical energy.

Are alkali and alkaline earth metals basic?

Yes.

What elements are needed in the largest quantity making up biological molecules?

CHONPS

What elements does CHONPS consist of?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen< Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

Can a mixture be separated physically?

Yes.

What is the formula for density?

D=m/v

What are the properties of a solid?

Definite shape and volume

What process are conversion factors used in?

Dimensional analysis.

What are the properties of nonmetals?

Dull, brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity.

What is the simplest type of matter and why?

Element, because it is made up with only one type of atom.

Is nickel an element, compound, or mixture? If mixture is it homogenous or heterogeneous?

Element.

Can an element be a pure substance? Can a compound be a pure substance? How do you decide?

Elements and compounds are pure substances. Compounds are made up with more than one type of atom and cannons be broken down or decomposed into its individual elements by chemical methods. You decide by figuring out if a substance is chemically pure. If it is not chemically pure than it is either a heterogeneous mix or homogeneous mixture.

Substances that contain only one type of atom are considered ____?

Elements.

What is the formula for energy?

Energy = power x time

What is kinetic energy?

Energy of motion.

What is a physical change?

Form of matter is changed but its identity or chemical formula stays the same.

How many mgs do we need of macronutrients?

Greater than 100 mgs

What are the vertical columns referred to as?

Groups or families.

____ is kinetic energy flowing from a warmer body to a colder one.

Heat (heat is a form of energy).

Is vegetable soup a homogenous or heterogenous mixture? Why?

Heterogenous because it is not uniform.

Is a marble a homogenous or heterogenous mixture?

Heterogenous.

Is lined paper a homogenous or heterogenous mixture?

Heterogenous.

Is rocky road ice cream a homogeneous mixture or heterogenous?

Heterogenous.

Air is what kind of mixture?

Homogeneous.

Is olive oil a homogeneous mixture or heterogenous mixture?

Homogeneous.

Is mouthwash a homogenous or heterogenous mixture? Why?

Homogenous, because each cup of mouthwash is the same; uniform.

What is an immediate remedy for hyperthermia?

Immerse the person in ice cold water.

What is the treatment for hypothermia?

Increase blood volume and administering oxygen. In severe cases, inject warm fluid.

In what forms can elements exist as?

Individual atoms, or pairs (molecules).

How is energy measured?

Joules.

What is the formula for Kelvin?

Kelvin (K) = Celsius + 273 Celcius

What is the SI unit for temperature?

Kelvin (K).

What is the standard SI unit for mass?

Kilogram (kg).

How are chemical equations read?

Left to right.

Which side of the equation are reactants on?

Left.

Which side of the periodic table has metals?

Left.

What is the standard SI unite for volume?

Liter (L).

What does the law of conservation of mass state?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed. The number of atoms of each elements in the reactants equals the number of atoms of each element in the products.

What is the definition of matter?

Matter is anything that takes up space (volume) and weighs something (mass).

Ice, liquid water, and steam (water vapor) represent different forms of _____.

Matter.

What is the standard SI Unit for length?

Meter (m).

Is chocolate chip cookie dough an element, compound, or mixture? If mixture is it homo or heterogeneous?

Mixture, heterogenous.

Is a tropical smoothie a pure substance or a mixture?

Mixture.

Is cake batter a mixture or pure substance?

Mixture.

Is cement a mixture or a pure substance?

Mixture.

Is cinnamon a pure substance or a mixture?

Mixture.

Is gelato a pure substance or a mixture>

Mixture.

Is ocean water a pure substance or a mixture?

Mixture.

Is spring water a mixture or a pure substance?

Mixture.

Is well water a pure substance or mixture?

Mixture.

What do pairs of atoms form?

Molecules.

Which elements does micronutrients include?

Molybdenum, Manganese, iron, copper, since, fluorine, selenium, Iodine.

Where is zinc found?

Muscle and bone.

What is the SI unit for weight?

Newtons (N).

What are the properties of a gas?

No definite shape or volume

Can a compound be broken physically?

No, because you end up breaking it into something totally different.

What are the branches of chemistry?

Organic chemistry (carbon) Inorganic chemistry (elements other than carbon) Physical chemistry (properties and transformation) Analytical chemistry (Composition of materials) Biochemistry (life)

Micronutrients are found concentrated in particular ______.

Organs.

What is the formula to find percent?

Percent (%) = (part/whole) x 100

What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table known as?

Periods.

What do the labels in the parentheses indicated?

Physical state.

What is stored chemical energy called?

Potential energy.

Lower standard deviations indicate more _____- measurements.

Precise.

Taking several measurements and calculating the standard deviation of those measurements provides an indication of ______.

Precisement.

Is helium in a balloon a mixture or pure substance?

Pure substance.

Is iron a pure substance or a mixture?

Pure substance.

Substances that contain more than one type of atom, but contain these elements in a fixed composition are also known as ___ _________.

Pure substances.

What does the reaction arrow mean?

React to form.

Where is iron found?

Red blood cells because they control hemoglobin.

The systeme Internation d'unites (SI) or international system of units are used throughout the world by _______ and ________-; it is like the modern day metric system.

Scientists and Health Care Professionals.

In any measurement, the digits known with certainty plus one estimated digit are called _____.

Sig Figs

What elements do Macronutrients consist of?

Sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and chlorine.

What is a homogeneous mixture also called?

Solution.

What properties do metalloids hold?

Some properties of metals and some of nonmetals.

What is the specific gravity formula?

Specific Gravity = density or sample/ Density of water

What is the specific heat formula?

Specific Heat =heat/grams x ΔT

Taking precise measurements requires reproducibility of results and good _______-.

Technique.

Where is fluorine found?

Teeth.

What is used to represent a change in temp?

The Greek capital delta.

What is the smallest unit of matter than can exists and keep its chemically unique characteristics?

The atom.

What is energy?

The capacity to do work or supply heat.

What are the letters on the periodic table known as and what do they do?

The chemical symbol and represent the name of each element.

What is hyperthermia?

The condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal. Caused by heat stroke, when sweat production increases.

What do the letters in the paraenthesis state?

The element or compounds physical form

How does the formula of an element differ from that of a compound?

The formula of an element is not made up of multiple other elements, just one. An element is a pure substance that can not be separated chemically, but a compound can be.

What does a negative exponent tell you?

The number is between zero and one.

What does a positive exponent tell you?

The number is greater than one.

What are the properties of metals?

The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.

What is specific gravity?

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water.

What are Nutrition labels?

They give us a set of nutrition facts about the foods we eat.

Where is iodine found?

Thyroid.

What are groups with B designations known as?

Transitional elements.

True or false: The elements in a group have similar chemical behaviors?

True.

What is a chemical reaction?

When a substance undergoes such a change.

What does measuring with accuracy mean?

You are taking measurements close to the actual or true value.

How do you balance an equation?

You put coefficients in front of compounds to make the number of elements equal on both sides of the equation.

What does measuring with precision mean?

You repeat measurements similar in values.

What are the three steps to balancing an equation?

a. Examine the original equation. b. Balance the equation one element at a time by adding coefficients. c. Check to see if the equation is balanced.

Volume is measured in...

cubes

What are the properties of a liquid?

definite volume but no definite shape

Per means...

divided by

Mass and volume are _______ properties

extensive (depends on the amounts)

Moon has less of a _____- pull than earth

gravitational

What is hypothermia?

low body temperature (below 35 degrees C).

Mass is related to how much __ you have

matter

What are intensive properties?

properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present

Percent is...

the part out of a hundred

What is the definition of chemistry?

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

base unit (gram, liter, meter)

x1

mega (M)

x1,000,000

giga (G)

x1,000,000,000

kilo (k)

x1000