Chemistry Chapter 6 Mixed Review

How is a hydrogen bond different from an ionic or covalent bond?

A hydrogen bond is a dipole - dipole attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and the unshared electron pair of a strongly electronegative atom such as O, N, or F. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds, in which electrons are given up or shared, the hydrogen bond is a weaker attraction. Hydrogen bonds are generally intermolecular, which ionic and covalent bonds occur between ions or atoms.

In what way is a polar-covalent bond similar to an ionic bond?

The difference between the electronegativities of the two atoms in both types of bonds results in the electrons being more closely associated with the more electronegative atom.

The type of energy that is a measure of strength for a metallic bond

Enthalpy of vaporization

H2S and H2O have similar structures and their central atoms belong to the same group. Yet H2S is a gas at room temperature and H2O is a liquid. Use bonding principles to explain why this is.

Oxygen has higher electronegativity than sulfur, which creates a highly polar bond. Increased polarity in H2O bonds means a stronger intermolecular attraction, making water a liquid at room temperature. Hydrogen bonding exists between water molecules, but not between hydrogen sulfide molecules.

The type of energy that is a measure of strength for a covalent bond

bond energy

The type of energy that is a measure of strength for an ionic bond

lattice energy